[Core] RISC-V toolchain and picolibc fixes (#15109)

* [Core] Fix RISC-V toolchain installation

The risc-v toolchain is only available on distributions based on Debian 11+
so we check for their availability before installing them.

* [Core] Fix heap symbols and syscalls for picolibc

picolibc internally uses __heap_start and __heap_end instead of the
defacto chibios linker script standard __heap_base__ and __heap_end__
therefore we introduce these symbols as an alias. Usually all memory
used within QMK is statically allocated, but some algorithms make usage
of malloc and friends.

Also the timeval struct is not defined by picolibc for syscalls, therefore it
is declared as stub.

platforms/chibios/platform.mk

@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ endif
 #
 
 # Use defined stack sizes of the main thread in linker scripts
-LDSYMBOLS =--defsym=__process_stack_size__=$(USE_PROCESS_STACKSIZE),--defsym=__main_stack_size__=$(USE_EXCEPTIONS_STACKSIZE)
+SHARED_LDSYMBOLS = -Wl,--defsym=__process_stack_size__=$(USE_PROCESS_STACKSIZE),--defsym=__main_stack_size__=$(USE_EXCEPTIONS_STACKSIZE)
 
 # Shared Compiler flags for all toolchains
 SHARED_CFLAGS = -fomit-frame-pointer \
@@ -327,7 +327,6 @@ SHARED_CFLAGS = -fomit-frame-pointer \
 
 # Shared Linker flags for all toolchains
 SHARED_LDFLAGS = -T $(LDSCRIPT) \
-                 -Wl,$(LDSYMBOLS) \
                  -Wl,--gc-sections \
                  -nostartfiles
 
@@ -346,14 +345,18 @@ ifeq ($(strip $(MCU)), risc-v)
         endif
     endif
 
-    # Default to compiling with picolibc for RISC-V targets if available,
-    # which is available by default on current (bullseye) debian based systems.
+    # Default to compiling with picolibc for RISC-V targets if available, which
+    # is available by default on distributions based on Debian 11+.
     ifeq ($(shell $(TOOLCHAIN)gcc --specs=picolibc.specs -E - 2>/dev/null >/dev/null </dev/null ; echo $$?),0)
-        # Toolchain specific Compiler flags
-        # Note that we still link with our own linker script
-        # by providing it via the -T flag above.
+        # Toolchain specific Compiler flags Note that we still link with our own
+        # linker script by providing it via the -T flag in SHARED_LDFLAGS.
         TOOLCHAIN_CFLAGS = --specs=picolibc.specs
 
+        # picolibc internally uses __heap_start and __heap_end instead of the
+        # defacto chibios linker script standard __heap_base__ and __heap_end__
+        # therefore we introduce these symbols as an alias.
+        TOOLCHAIN_LDSYMBOLS = -Wl,--defsym=__heap_start=__heap_base__,--defsym=__heap_end=__heap_end__
+
         # Tell QMK that we are compiling with picolibc.
         OPT_DEFS += -DUSE_PICOLIBC
     endif
@@ -404,7 +407,7 @@ CFLAGS   += $(SHARED_CFLAGS) $(TOOLCHAIN_CFLAGS)
 CXXFLAGS += $(CFLAGS) $(SHARED_CXXFLAGS) $(TOOLCHAIN_CXXFLAGS) -fno-rtti
 
 # Linker flags
-LDFLAGS  += $(SHARED_LDFLAGS) $(TOOLCHAIN_LDFLAGS) $(MCUFLAGS)
+LDFLAGS  += $(SHARED_LDFLAGS) $(SHARED_LDSYMBOLS) $(TOOLCHAIN_LDFLAGS) $(TOOLCHAIN_LDSYMBOLS) $(MCUFLAGS)
 
 # Tell QMK that we are hosting it on ChibiOS.
 OPT_DEFS += -DPROTOCOL_CHIBIOS

platforms/chibios/syscall-fallbacks.c

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
  * the _reent struct has to be defined. */
 #if defined(USE_PICOLIBC)
 struct _reent;
+struct timeval;
 #endif
 
 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wmissing-prototypes"

util/install/debian.sh

@@ -11,12 +11,18 @@ _qmk_install_prepare() {
 _qmk_install() {
     echo "Installing dependencies"
 
-    sudo apt-get -yq install \
+    sudo apt-get --quiet --yes install \
         build-essential clang-format diffutils gcc git unzip wget zip \
         python3-pip binutils-avr gcc-avr avr-libc binutils-arm-none-eabi \
         gcc-arm-none-eabi libnewlib-arm-none-eabi avrdude dfu-programmer \
-        dfu-util teensy-loader-cli libhidapi-hidraw0 libusb-dev \
-        picolibc-riscv64-unknown-elf gcc-riscv64-unknown-elf binutils-riscv64-unknown-elf
+        dfu-util teensy-loader-cli libhidapi-hidraw0 libusb-dev
 
-    python3 -m pip install --user -r $QMK_FIRMWARE_DIR/requirements.txt
+    # RISC-V toolchains with picolibc support are only available for distributions based on Debian 11+.
+    if sudo apt-get install --simulate --quiet --yes picolibc-riscv64-unknown-elf gcc-riscv64-unknown-elf binutils-riscv64-unknown-elf > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+        sudo apt-get --quiet --yes install picolibc-riscv64-unknown-elf \
+            gcc-riscv64-unknown-elf \
+            binutils-riscv64-unknown-elf
+    fi
+
+    python3 -m pip install --user -r "$QMK_FIRMWARE_DIR"/requirements.txt
 }