288 lines
10 KiB
Text
Executable file
288 lines
10 KiB
Text
Executable file
_dnl__ -*- Texinfo -*-
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_dnl__ Copyright (c) 1988 1989 1990 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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_dnl__ This file is part of the source for the GDB manual.
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_dnl__ $Id$
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@node Source, Data, Stack, Top
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@chapter Examining Source Files
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_GDBN__ can print parts of your program's source, since the debugging
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information recorded in your program tells _GDBN__ what source files
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were used to built it. When your program stops, _GDBN__ spontaneously
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prints the line where it stopped. Likewise, when you select a stack
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frame (@pxref{Selection}), _GDBN__ prints the line where execution in
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that frame has stopped. You can print other portions of source files by
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explicit command.
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If you use _GDBN__ through its GNU Emacs interface, you may prefer to
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use Emacs facilities to view source; @pxref{Emacs}.
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@menu
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* List:: Printing Source Lines
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* Search:: Searching Source Files
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* Source Path:: Specifying Source Directories
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* Machine Code:: Source and Machine Code
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@end menu
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@node List, Search, Source, Source
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@section Printing Source Lines
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@kindex list
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@kindex l
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To print lines from a source file, use the @code{list} command
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(abbreviated @code{l}). There are several ways to specify what part
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of the file you want to print.
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Here are the forms of the @code{list} command most commonly used:
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@table @code
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@item list @var{linenum}
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Print ten lines centered around line number @var{linenum} in the
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current source file.
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@item list @var{function}
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Print ten lines centered around the beginning of function
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@var{function}.
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@item list
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Print ten more lines. If the last lines printed were printed with a
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@code{list} command, this prints ten lines following the last lines
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printed; however, if the last line printed was a solitary line printed
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as part of displaying a stack frame (@pxref{Stack}), this prints ten
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lines centered around that line.
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@item list -
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Print ten lines just before the lines last printed.
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@end table
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Repeating a @code{list} command with @key{RET} discards the argument,
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so it is equivalent to typing just @code{list}. This is more useful
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than listing the same lines again. An exception is made for an
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argument of @samp{-}; that argument is preserved in repetition so that
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each repetition moves up in the source file.
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@cindex linespec
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In general, the @code{list} command expects you to supply zero, one or two
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@dfn{linespecs}. Linespecs specify source lines; there are several ways
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of writing them but the effect is always to specify some source line.
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Here is a complete description of the possible arguments for @code{list}:
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@table @code
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@item list @var{linespec}
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Print ten lines centered around the line specified by @var{linespec}.
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@item list @var{first},@var{last}
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Print lines from @var{first} to @var{last}. Both arguments are
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linespecs.
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@item list ,@var{last}
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Print ten lines ending with @var{last}.
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@item list @var{first},
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Print ten lines starting with @var{first}.
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@item list +
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Print ten lines just after the lines last printed.
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@item list -
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Print ten lines just before the lines last printed.
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@item list
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As described in the preceding table.
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@end table
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Here are the ways of specifying a single source line---all the
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kinds of linespec.
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@table @code
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@item @var{number}
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Specifies line @var{number} of the current source file.
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When a @code{list} command has two linespecs, this refers to
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the same source file as the first linespec.
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@item +@var{offset}
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Specifies the line @var{offset} lines after the last line printed.
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When used as the second linespec in a @code{list} command that has
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two, this specifies the line @var{offset} lines down from the
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first linespec.
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@item -@var{offset}
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Specifies the line @var{offset} lines before the last line printed.
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@item @var{filename}:@var{number}
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Specifies line @var{number} in the source file @var{filename}.
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@item @var{function}
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@c FIXME: "of the open-brace" is C-centric. When we add other langs...
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Specifies the line of the open-brace that begins the body of the
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function @var{function}.
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@item @var{filename}:@var{function}
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Specifies the line of the open-brace that begins the body of the
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function @var{function} in the file @var{filename}. You only need the
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file name with a function name to avoid ambiguity when there are
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identically named functions in different source files.
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@item *@var{address}
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Specifies the line containing the program address @var{address}.
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@var{address} may be any expression.
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@end table
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@node Search, Source Path, List, Source
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@section Searching Source Files
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@cindex searching
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@kindex reverse-search
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There are two commands for searching through the current source file for a
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regular expression.
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@table @code
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@item forward-search @var{regexp}
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@itemx search @var{regexp}
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@kindex search
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@kindex forward-search
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The command @samp{forward-search @var{regexp}} checks each line, starting
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with the one following the last line listed, for a match for @var{regexp}.
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It lists the line that is found. You can abbreviate the command name
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as @code{fo}. The synonym @samp{search @var{regexp}} is also supported.
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@item reverse-search @var{regexp}
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The command @samp{reverse-search @var{regexp}} checks each line, starting
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with the one before the last line listed and going backward, for a match
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for @var{regexp}. It lists the line that is found. You can abbreviate
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this command as @code{rev}.
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@end table
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@node Source Path, Machine Code, Search, Source
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@section Specifying Source Directories
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@cindex source path
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@cindex directories for source files
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Executable programs sometimes do not record the directories of the source
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files from which they were compiled, just the names. Even when they do,
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the directories could be moved between the compilation and your debugging
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session. _GDBN__ has a list of directories to search for source files;
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this is called the @dfn{source path}. Each time _GDBN__ wants a source file,
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it tries all the directories in the list, in the order they are present
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in the list, until it finds a file with the desired name. Note that
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the executable search path is @emph{not} used for this purpose. Neither is
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the current working directory, unless it happens to be in the source
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path.
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If _GDBN__ can't find a source file in the source path, and the object
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program records a directory, _GDBN__ tries that directory too. If the
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source path is empty, and there is no record of the compilation
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directory, _GDBN__ will, as a last resort, look in the current
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directory.
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Whenever you reset or rearrange the source path, _GDBN__ will clear out
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any information it has cached about where source files are found, where
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each line is in the file, etc.
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@kindex directory
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When you start _GDBN__, its source path is empty.
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To add other directories, use the @code{directory} command.
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@table @code
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@item directory @var{dirname} @dots{}
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Add directory @var{dirname} to the front of the source path. Several
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directory names may be given to this command, separated by @samp{:} or
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whitespace. You may specify a directory that is already in the source
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path; this moves it forward, so it will be searched sooner. You can use
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the string @samp{$cdir} to refer to the compilation directory (if one is
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recorded), and @samp{$cwd} to refer to the current working directory.
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@footnote{@samp{$cwd} is not the same as @samp{.}---the former tracks
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the current working directory as it changes during your _GDBN__ session,
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while the latter is immediately expanded to the current directory at the
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time you add an entry to the source path.}
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@item directory
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Reset the source path to empty again. This requires confirmation.
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@c RET-repeat for @code{directory} is explicitly disabled, but since
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@c repeating it would be a no-op we don't say that. (thanks to RMS)
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@item show directories
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@kindex show directories
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Print the source path: show which directories it contains.
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@end table
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If your source path is cluttered with directories that are no longer of
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interest, _GDBN__ may sometimes cause confusion by finding the wrong
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versions of source. You can correct the situation as follows:
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@enumerate
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@item
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Use @code{directory} with no argument to reset the source path to empty.
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@item
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Use @code{directory} with suitable arguments to reinstall the
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directories you want in the source path. You can add all the
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directories in one command.
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@end enumerate
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@node Machine Code, , Source Path, Source
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@section Source and Machine Code
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You can use the command @code{info line} to map source lines to program
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addresses (and viceversa), and the command @code{disassemble} to display
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a range of addresses as machine instructions.
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@table @code
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@item info line @var{linespec}
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@kindex info line
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Print the starting and ending addresses of the compiled code for
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source line @var{linespec}. You can specify source lines in any of the
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ways understood by the @code{list} command (@pxref{List}).
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@end table
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For example, we can use @code{info line} to inquire on where the object
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code for the first line of function @code{m4_changequote} lies:
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@smallexample
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(_GDBP__) info line m4_changecom
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Line 895 of "builtin.c" starts at pc 0x634c and ends at 0x6350.
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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We can also inquire (using @code{*@var{addr}} as the form for
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@var{linespec}) what source line covers a particular address:
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@smallexample
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(_GDBP__) info line *0x63ff
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Line 926 of "builtin.c" starts at pc 0x63e4 and ends at 0x6404.
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@end smallexample
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@kindex $_
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After @code{info line}, the default address for the @code{x}
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command is changed to the starting address of the line, so that
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@samp{x/i} is sufficient to begin examining the machine code
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(@pxref{Memory}). Also, this address is saved as the value of the
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convenience variable @code{$_} (@pxref{Convenience Vars}).
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@table @code
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@kindex disassemble
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@item disassemble
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This specialized command is provided to dump a range of memory as
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machine instructions. The default memory range is the function
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surrounding the program counter of the selected frame. A single
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argument to this command is a program counter value; the function
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surrounding this value will be dumped. Two arguments (separated by one
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or more spaces) specify a range of addresses (first inclusive, second
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exclusive) to be dumped.
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@end table
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We can use @code{disassemble} to inspect the object code
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range shown in the last @code{info line} example:
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@smallexample
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(_GDBP__) disas 0x63e4 0x6404
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Dump of assembler code from 0x63e4 to 0x6404:
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0x63e4 <builtin_init+5340>: ble 0x63f8 <builtin_init+5360>
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0x63e8 <builtin_init+5344>: sethi %hi(0x4c00), %o0
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0x63ec <builtin_init+5348>: ld [%i1+4], %o0
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0x63f0 <builtin_init+5352>: b 0x63fc <builtin_init+5364>
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0x63f4 <builtin_init+5356>: ld [%o0+4], %o0
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0x63f8 <builtin_init+5360>: or %o0, 0x1a4, %o0
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0x63fc <builtin_init+5364>: call 0x9288 <path_search>
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0x6400 <builtin_init+5368>: nop
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End of assembler dump.
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(_GDBP__)
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@end smallexample
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