old-cross-binutils/gas/doc/c-nios2.texi
Sandra Loosemore 36591ba149 2013-02-06 Sandra Loosemore <sandra@codesourcery.com>
Andrew Jenner <andrew@codesourcery.com>

	Based on patches from Altera Corporation.

	bfd/
	* Makefile.am (ALL_MACHINES): Add cpu-nios2.lo.
	(ALL_MACHINES_CFILES): Add cpu-nios2.c.
	(BFD_BACKENDS): Add elf32-nios2.lo.
	(BFD32_BACKENDS_CFILES): Add elf32-nios2.c.
	* Makefile.in: Regenerated.
	* configure.in: Add entries for bfd_elf32_bignios2_vec and
	bfd_elf32_littlenios2_vec.
	* configure: Regenerated.
	* config.bfd: Add cases for nios2.
	* archures.c (enum bfd_architecture): Add bfd_arch_nios2.
	(bfd_mach_nios2): Define.
	(bfd_nios2_arch): Declare.
	(bfd_archures_list): Add bfd_nios2_arch.
	* targets.c (bfd_elf32_bignios2_vec): Declare.
	(bfd_elf32_littlenios2_vec): Declare.
	(_bfd_target_vector): Add entries for bfd_elf32_bignios2_vec and
	bfd_elf32_littlenios2_vec.
	* elf-bfd.h (enum elf_target_id): Add NIOS2_ELF_DATA.
	* reloc.c (enum bfd_reloc_code_real): Add Nios II relocations.
	* bfd-in2.h: Regenerated.
	* libbfd.h: Regenerated.
	* cpu-nios2.c: New file.
	* elf32-nios2.c: New file.

	opcodes/
	* Makefile.am (TARGET_LIBOPCODES_CFILES): Add nios2-dis.c and
	nios2-opc.c.
	* Makefile.in: Regenerated.
	* configure.in: Add case for bfd_nios2_arch.
	* configure: Regenerated.
	* disassemble.c (ARCH_nios2): Define.
	(disassembler): Add case for bfd_arch_nios2.
	* nios2-dis.c: New file.
	* nios2-opc.c: New file.

	include/
	* dis-asm.h (print_insn_big_nios2): Declare.
	(print_insn_little_nios2): Declare.

	include/elf
	* nios2.h: New file.

	include/opcode/
	* nios2.h: New file.

	gas/
	* Makefile.am (TARGET_CPU_CFILES): Add config/tc-nios2.c.
	(TARGET_CPU_HFILES): Add config/tc-nios2.h.
	* Makefile.in: Regenerated.
	* configure.tgt: Add case for nios2*-linux*.
	* config/obj-elf.c: Conditionally include elf/nios2.h.
	* config/tc-nios2.c: New file.
	* config/tc-nios2.h: New file.
	* doc/Makefile.am (CPU_DOCS): Add c-nios2.texi.
	* doc/Makefile.in: Regenerated.
	* doc/all.texi: Set NIOSII.
	* doc/as.texinfo (Overview): Add Nios II options.
	(Machine Dependencies): Include c-nios2.texi.
	* doc/c-nios2.texi: New file.
	* NEWS: Note Altera Nios II support.

	gas/testsuite/
	* gas/nios2/add.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/add.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/align_fill.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/align_fill.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/align_text.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/align_text.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/and.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/and.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/branch.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/branch.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/break.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/break.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/bret.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/bret.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/cache.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/cache.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/call26.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/call26.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/call.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/call.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/cmp.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/cmp.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/comments.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/comments.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/complex.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/complex.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/ctl.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/ctl.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/custom.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/custom.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/etbt.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/etbt.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/flushda.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/flushda.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/illegal.l: New.
	* gas/nios2/illegal.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/jmp.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/jmp.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/ldb.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/ldb.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/ldh.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/ldh.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/ldw.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/ldw.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/lineseparator.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/lineseparator.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/mov.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/movia.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/movia.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/movi.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/movi.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/mov.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/mul.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/mul.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/nios2.exp: New.
	* gas/nios2/nor.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/nor.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/or.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/or.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/ret.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/ret.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/rol.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/rol.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/rotate.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/rotate.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/stb.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/stb.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/sth.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/sth.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/stw.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/stw.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/sub.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/sub.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/sync.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/sync.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/trap.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/trap.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/tret.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/tret.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/warn_noat.l: New.
	* gas/nios2/warn_noat.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/warn_nobreak.l: New.
	* gas/nios2/warn_nobreak.s: New.
	* gas/nios2/xor.d: New.
	* gas/nios2/xor.s: New.

	ld/
	* Makefile.am (enios2elf.c): New rule.
	* Makefile.in: Regenerated.
	* configure.tgt: Add case for nios2*-*-*.
	* emulparams/nios2elf.sh: New file.
	* NEWS: Note Altera Nios II support.

	ld/testsuite/
	* ld-nios2/emit-relocs-1a.s: New.
	* ld-nios2/emit-relocs-1b.s: New.
	* ld-nios2/emit-relocs-1.d: New.
	* ld-nios2/emit-relocs-1.ld: New.
	* ld-nios2/gprel.d: New.
	* ld-nios2/gprel.s: New.
	* ld-nios2/hilo16.d: New.
	* ld-nios2/hilo16.s: New.
	* ld-nios2/hilo16_symbol.s: New.
	* ld-nios2/imm5.d: New.
	* ld-nios2/imm5.s: New.
	* ld-nios2/imm5_symbol.s: New.
	* ld-nios2/nios2.exp: New.
	* ld-nios2/pcrel16.d: New.
	* ld-nios2/pcrel16_label.s: New.
	* ld-nios2/pcrel16.s: New.
	* ld-nios2/relax_callr.d: New.
	* ld-nios2/relax_callr.ld: New.
	* ld-nios2/relax_callr.s: New.
	* ld-nios2/relax_cjmp.d: New.
	* ld-nios2/relax_cjmp.s: New.
	* ld-nios2/relax_jmp.ld: New.
	* ld-nios2/relax_section.d: New.
	* ld-nios2/relax_section.s: New.
	* ld-nios2/relax_ujmp.d: New.
	* ld-nios2/relax_ujmp.s: New.
	* ld-nios2/reloc.d: New.
	* ld-nios2/reloc.s: New.
	* ld-nios2/reloc_symbol.s: New.
	* ld-nios2/s16.d: New.
	* ld-nios2/s16.s: New.
	* ld-nios2/s16_symbol.s: New.
	* ld-nios2/u16.d: New.
	* ld-nios2/u16.s: New.
	* ld-nios2/u16_symbol.s: New.
	* ld-elf/indirect.exp: Skip on targets that don't support
	-shared -fPIC.
	* ld-elfcomm/elfcomm.exp: Build with -G0 for nios2.
	* ld-plugin/lto.exp: Skip shared library tests on targets that
	don't support them.  Skip execution tests on non-native targets.

	binutils/
	* readelf.c: Include elf/nios2.h.
	(dump_relocations): Add case for EM_ALTERA_NIOS2.
	(get_nios2_dynamic_type): New.
	(get_dynamic_type): Add case for EM_ALTERA_NIOS2.
	(is_32bit_abs_reloc): Fix EM_ALTERA_NIOS2 case.
	(is_16bit_abs_reloc): Likewise.
	(is_none_reloc): Add EM_ALTERA_NIOS2 and EM_NIOS32 cases.
	* NEWS: Note Altera Nios II support.
	* MAINTAINERS: Add Nios II maintainers.
2013-02-06 23:22:26 +00:00

249 lines
6.8 KiB
Text

@c Copyright 2012, 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c This is part of the GAS manual.
@c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
@c man end
@ifset GENERIC
@page
@node NiosII-Dependent
@chapter Nios II Dependent Features
@end ifset
@ifclear GENERIC
@node Machine Dependencies
@chapter Nios II Dependent Features
@end ifclear
@cindex Altera Nios II support
@cindex Nios support
@cindex Nios II support
@menu
* Nios II Options:: Options
* Nios II Syntax:: Syntax
* Nios II Relocations:: Relocations
* Nios II Directives:: Nios II Machine Directives
* Nios II Opcodes:: Opcodes
@end menu
@node Nios II Options
@section Options
@cindex Nios II options
@cindex options for Nios II
@c man begin OPTIONS
@table @gcctabopt
@cindex @code{relax-section} command line option, Nios II
@item -relax-section
Replace identified out-of-range branches with PC-relative @code{jmp}
sequences when possible. The generated code sequences are suitable
for use in position-independent code, but there is a practical limit
on the extended branch range because of the length of the sequences.
This option is the default.
@cindex @code{relax-all} command line option, Nios II
@item -relax-all
Replace branch instructions not determinable to be in range
and all call instructions with @code{jmp} and @code{callr} sequences
(respectively). This option generates absolute relocations against the
target symbols and is not appropriate for position-independent code.
@cindex @code{no-relax} command line option, Nios II
@item -no-relax
Do not replace any branches or calls.
@cindex @code{EB} command line option, Nios II
@item -EB
Generate big-endian output.
@cindex @code{EL} command line option, Nios II
@item -EL
Generate little-endian output. This is the default.
@end table
@c man end
@node Nios II Syntax
@section Syntax
@menu
* Nios II Chars:: Special Characters
@end menu
@node Nios II Chars
@subsection Special Characters
@cindex line comment character, Nios II
@cindex Nios II line comment character
@cindex line separator character, Nios II
@cindex Nios II line separator character
@samp{#} is the line comment character.
@samp{;} is the line separator character.
@node Nios II Relocations
@section Nios II Machine Relocations
@cindex machine relocations, Nios II
@cindex Nios II machine relocations
@table @code
@cindex @code{hiadj} directive, Nios II
@item %hiadj(@var{expression})
Extract the upper 16 bits of @var{expression} and add
one if the 15th bit is set.
The value of @code{%hiadj(@var{expression})} is:
@smallexample
((@var{expression} >> 16) & 0xffff) + ((@var{expression} >> 15) & 0x01)
@end smallexample
The @code{%hiadj} relocation is intended to be used with
the @code{addi}, @code{ld} or @code{st} instructions
along with a @code{%lo}, in order to load a 32-bit constant.
@smallexample
movhi r2, %hiadj(symbol)
addi r2, r2, %lo(symbol)
@end smallexample
@cindex @code{hi} directive, Nios II
@item %hi(@var{expression})
Extract the upper 16 bits of @var{expression}.
@cindex @code{lo} directive, Nios II
@item %lo(@var{expression})
Extract the lower 16 bits of @var{expression}.
@cindex @code{gprel} directive, Nios II
@item %gprel(@var{expression})
Subtract the value of the symbol @code{_gp} from
@var{expression}.
The intention of the @code{%gprel} relocation is
to have a fast small area of memory which only
takes a 16-bit immediate to access.
@smallexample
.section .sdata
fastint:
.int 123
.section .text
ldw r4, %gprel(fastint)(gp)
@end smallexample
@cindex @code{call} directive, Nios II
@cindex @code{got} directive, Nios II
@cindex @code{gotoff} directive, Nios II
@cindex @code{gotoff_lo} directive, Nios II
@cindex @code{gotoff_hiadj} directive, Nios II
@cindex @code{tls_gd} directive, Nios II
@cindex @code{tls_ie} directive, Nios II
@cindex @code{tls_le} directive, Nios II
@cindex @code{tls_ldm} directive, Nios II
@cindex @code{tls_ldo} directive, Nios II
@item %call(@var{expression})
@itemx %got(@var{expression})
@itemx %gotoff(@var{expression})
@itemx %gotoff_lo(@var{expression})
@itemx %gotoff_hiadj(@var{expression})
@itemx %tls_gd(@var{expression})
@itemx %tls_ie(@var{expression})
@itemx %tls_le(@var{expression})
@itemx %tls_ldm(@var{expression})
@itemx %tls_ldo(@var{expression})
These relocations support the ABI for Linux Systems documented in the
@cite{Nios II Processor Reference Handbook}.
@end table
@node Nios II Directives
@section Nios II Machine Directives
@cindex machine directives, Nios II
@cindex Nios II machine directives
@table @code
@cindex @code{align} directive, Nios II
@item .align @var{expression} [, @var{expression}]
This is the generic @code{.align} directive, however
this aligns to a power of two.
@cindex @code{half} directive, Nios II
@item .half @var{expression}
Create an aligned constant 2 bytes in size.
@cindex @code{word} directive, Nios II
@item .word @var{expression}
Create an aligned constant 4 bytes in size.
@cindex @code{dword} directive, Nios II
@item .dword @var{expression}
Create an aligned constant 8 bytes in size.
@cindex @code{2byte} directive, Nios II
@item .2byte @var{expression}
Create an unaligned constant 2 bytes in size.
@cindex @code{4byte} directive, Nios II
@item .4byte @var{expression}
Create an unaligned constant 4 bytes in size.
@cindex @code{8byte} directive, Nios II
@item .8byte @var{expression}
Create an unaligned constant 8 bytes in size.
@cindex @code{16byte} directive, Nios II
@item .16byte @var{expression}
Create an unaligned constant 16 bytes in size.
@cindex @code{set noat} directive, Nios II
@item .set noat
Allows assembly code to use @code{at} register without
warning. Macro or relaxation expansions
generate warnings.
@cindex @code{set at} directive, Nios II
@item .set at
Assembly code using @code{at} register generates
warnings, and macro expansion and relaxation are
enabled.
@cindex @code{set nobreak} directive, Nios II
@item .set nobreak
Allows assembly code to use @code{ba} and @code{bt}
registers without warning.
@cindex @code{set break} directive, Nios II
@item .set break
Turns warnings back on for using @code{ba} and @code{bt}
registers.
@cindex @code{set norelax} directive, Nios II
@item .set norelax
Do not replace any branches or calls.
@cindex @code{set relaxsection} directive, Nios II
@item .set relaxsection
Replace identified out-of-range branches with
@code{jmp} sequences (default).
@cindex @code{set relaxall} directive, Nios II
@item .set relaxsection
Replace all branch and call instructions with
@code{jmp} and @code{callr} sequences.
@cindex @code{set} directive, Nios II
@item .set @dots{}
All other @code{.set} are the normal use.
@end table
@node Nios II Opcodes
@section Opcodes
@cindex Nios II opcodes
@cindex opcodes for Nios II
@code{@value{AS}} implements all the standard Nios II opcodes documented in the
@cite{Nios II Processor Reference Handbook}, including the assembler
pseudo-instructions.