698 lines
31 KiB
Groff
698 lines
31 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 2000 Free Software Foundation
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.\" See section COPYING for conditions for redistribution
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.TH objcopy 1 "05 April 2000" "Free Software Foundation" "GNU Development Tools"
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.de BP
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.sp
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.ti \-.2i
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\(**
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..
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.SH NAME
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objcopy \- copy and translate object files
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.hy 0
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.na
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.TP
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.B objcopy
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.RB "[\|" \-F\ \fIbfdname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-target=\fIbfdname\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-I\ \fIbfdname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-input\-target=\fIbfdname\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-O\ \fIbfdname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-output\-target=\fIbfdname\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-j\ \fIsectionname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-only\-section=\fIsectionname\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-R\ \fIsectionname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-remove\-section=\fIsectionname\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-S\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-strip\-all\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-g\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-\-strip\-unneeded\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-K\ \fIsymbolname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-keep\-symbol=\fIsymbolname\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-N\ \fIsymbolname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-strip\-symbol=\fIsymbolname\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-L\ \fIsymbolname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-localize\-symbol=\fIsymbolname\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-W\ \fIsymbolname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-weaken\-symbol=\fIsymbolname\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-x\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-discard\-all\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-X\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-discard\-locals\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-b\ \fIbyte\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-byte=\fIbyte\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-i\ \fIinterleave\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-interleave=\fIinterleave\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-p\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-preserve\-dates\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-\-debugging "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-\-gap\-fill=\fIval\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-\-pad\-to=\fIaddress\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-\-set\-start=\fIval\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-\-change\-start=\fIincr\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-\-change\-addresses=\fIincr\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-\-change\-section\-address\ \fIsection{=,+,-}val\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-\-change\-section\-lma\ \fIsection{=,+,-}val\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-\-change\-section\-vma\ \fIsection{=,+,-}val\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-\-change\-warnings\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-\-set\-section\-flags\ \fIsection=flags\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-\-add\-section\ \fIsectionname=filename\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-\-change\-leading\-char\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-\-remove\-leading\-char\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-\-srec\-len=\fIval\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-\-srec\-forceS3\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-\-redefine\-sym\ \fIold=new\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-\-weaken\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-v\ |\ \-\-verbose\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-V\ |\ \-\-version\fR "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-\-help\fR "\|]"
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.B infile
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.RB "[\|" outfile\fR "\|]"
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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The GNU
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.B objcopy
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utility copies the contents of an object file to another.
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.B objcopy
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uses the GNU BFD Library to read and write the object files. It can
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write the destination object file in a format different from that of
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the source object file. The exact behavior of
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.B objcopy
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is controlled by command-line options.
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.PP
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.B objcopy
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creates temporary files to do its translations and deletes them
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afterward.
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.B objcopy
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uses BFD to do all its translation work; it knows about all the
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formats BFD knows about, and thus is able to recognize most formats
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without being told explicitly.
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.PP
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.B objcopy
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can be used to generate S-records by using an output target of
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.B srec
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(e.g., use
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.B -O srec).
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.PP
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.B objcopy
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can be used to generate a raw binary file by using an output target of
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.B binary
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(e.g., use
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.B -O binary).
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When
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.B objcopy
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generates a raw binary file, it will essentially produce a memory dump
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of the contents of the input object file. All symbols and relocation
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information will be discarded. The memory dump will start at the
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virtual address of the lowest section copied into the output file.
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.PP
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When generating an S-record or a raw binary file, it may be helpful to
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use
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.B -S
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to remove sections containing debugging information. In some cases
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.B -R
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will be useful to remove sections which contain information which is
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not needed by the binary file.
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.PP
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.I infile
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and
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.I outfile
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are the source and output files respectively. If you do not specify
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.IR outfile ,
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.B objcopy
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creates a temporary file and destructively renames the result with the
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name of the input file.
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.SH OPTIONS
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.TP
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.B \-I \fIbfdname\fR, \fB\-\-input\-target=\fIbfdname
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Consider the source file's object format to be
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.IR bfdname ,
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rather than attempting to deduce it.
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.TP
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.B \-O \fIbfdname\fR, \fB\-\-output\-target=\fIbfdname
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Write the output file using the object format
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.IR bfdname .
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.TP
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.B \-F \fIbfdname\fR, \fB\-\-target=\fIbfdname
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Use
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.I bfdname
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as the object format for both the input and the output file; i.e.
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simply transfer data from source to destination with no translation.
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.TP
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.B \-j \fIsectionname\fR, \fB\-\-only\-section=\fIsectionname
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Copy only the named section from the input file to the output file,
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discarding all other sections. This option may be given more than
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once. Note that using this option inappropriately may make the output
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file unusable.
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.TP
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.B \-R \fIsectionname\fR, \fB\-\-remove-section=\fIsectionname
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Remove the named section from the file. This option may be given more
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than once. Note that using this option inappropriately may make the
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output file unusable.
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.TP
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.B \-S\fR, \fB\-\-strip\-all
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Do not copy relocation and symbol information from the source file.
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.TP
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.B \-g\fR, \fB\-\-strip\-debug
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Do not copy debugging symbols from the source file.
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.TP
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.B \-\-strip\-unneeded
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Strip all symbols that are not needed for relocation processing.
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.TP
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.B \-K \fIsymbolname\fR, \fB\-\-keep\-symbol=\fIsymbolname
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Copy only symbol \fIsymbolname\fP from the source file. This option
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may be given more than once.
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.TP
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.B \-N \fIsymbolname\fR, \fB\-\-strip\-symbol=\fIsymbolname
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Do not copy symbol \fIsymbolname\fP from the source file. This option
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may be given more than once.
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.TP
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.B \-L \fIsymbolname\fR, \fB\-\-localize\-symbol=\fIsymbolname
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Make symbol \fIsymbolname\fP local to the file, so that it is not
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visible externally. This option may be given more than once.
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.TP
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.B \-W \fIsymbolname\fR, \fB\-\-weaken\-symbol=\fIsymbolname
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Make symbol \fIsymbolname\fP weak. This option may be given more than once.
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.TP
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.B \-x\fR, \fB\-\-discard\-all
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Do not copy non-global symbols from the source file.
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.TP
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.B \-X\fR, \fB\-\-discard\-locals
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Do not copy compiler-generated local symbols. (These usually start
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with "L" or ".").
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.TP
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.B \-b \fIbyte\fR, \fB\-\-byte=\fIbyte
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Keep only every \fIbyte\fPth byte of the input file (header data is
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not affected). \fIbyte\fP can be in the range from 0 to the
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interleave-1. This option is useful for creating files to program
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ROMs. It is typically used with an srec output target.
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.TP
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.B \-i \fIinterleave\fR, \fB\-\-interleave=\fIinterleave
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Only copy one out of every \fIinterleave\fP bytes. Which one to copy is
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selected by the \fB\-b\fP or \fB\-\-byte\fP option. The default is 4.
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The interleave is ignored if neither \fB\-b\fP nor \fB\-\-byte\fP is given.
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.TP
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.B \-p\fR, \fB\-\-preserve\-dates
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Set the access and modification dates of the output file to be the same
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as those of the input file.
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.TP
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.B \-\-debugging
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Convert debugging information, if possible. This is not the default
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because only certain debugging formats are supported, and the
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conversion process can be time consuming.
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.TP
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.B \-\-gap\-fill=\fIval
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Fill gaps between sections with \fIval\fP. This operation applies to
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the \fIload address\fP (LMA) of the sections. It is done by increasing
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the size of the section with the lower address, and filling in the extra
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space created with \fIval\fP.
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.TP
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.B \-\-pad\-to=\fIaddress
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Pad the output file up to the load address \fIaddress\fP. This is
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done by increasing the size of the last section. The extra space is
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filled in with the value specified by \fB\-\-gap\-fill\fP (default
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zero).
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.TP
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.B \fB\-\-set\-start=\fIval
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Set the start address of the new file to \fIval\fP. Not all object
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file formats support setting the start address.
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.TP
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.B \fB\-\-change\-start=\fIincr\fR, \fB\-\-adjust\-start=\fIincr
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Changes the start address by adding \fIincr\fP. Not all object file
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formats support setting the start address.
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.TP
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.B \fB\-\-change\-addresses=\fIincr\fR, \fB\-\-adjust\-vma=\fIincr
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Changes the address of all sections, as well as the start address, by
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adding \fIincr\fP. Some object file formats do not permit section
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addresses to be changed arbitrarily. Note that this does not relocate
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the sections; if the program expects sections to be loaded at a
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certain address, and this option is used to change the sections such
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that they are loaded at a different address, the program may fail.
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.TP
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.B \fB\-\-change\-section\-address\ \fIsection{=,+,-}val\fR, \fB\-\-adjust\-section\-vma\ \fIsection{=,+,-}val
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Set or changes the VMA and LMA addresses of the named \fIsection\fP.
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If \fI=\fP is used, the section address is set to \fIval\fP.
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Otherwise, \fIval\fP is added to or subtracted from the section
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address. See the comments under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fP, above. If
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\fIsection\fP does not exist in the input file, a warning will be
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issued, unless \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fP is used.
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.TP
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.B \fB\-\-change\-section\-lma\ \fIsection{=,+,-}val
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Set or change the LMA address of the named \fIsection\fP. If \fI=\fP is
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used, the section address is set to \fIval\fP. Otherwise, \fIval\fP
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is added to or subtracted from the section address. See the comments
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under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fP, above. If \fIsection\fP does not exist
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in the input file, a warning will be issued, unless
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\fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fP is used.
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.TP
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.B \fB\-\-change\-section\-vma\ \fIsection{=,+,-}val
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Set or change the VMA address of the named \fIsection\fP. If \fI=\fP is
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used, the section address is set to \fIval\fP. Otherwise, \fIval\fP
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is added to or subtracted from the section address. See the comments
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under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fP, above. If \fIsection\fP does not exist
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in the input file, a warning will be issued, unless
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\fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fP is used.
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.TP
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.B \fB\-\-change\-warnings\fR, \fB\-\-adjust\-warnings
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If \fB\-\-change\-section\-XXX\fP is used, and the named section does
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not exist, issue a warning. This is the default.
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.TP
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.B \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR, \fB\-\-no\-adjust\-warnings
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Do not issue a warning if \fB\-\-change\-section\-XXX\fP is used, even
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if the named section does not exist.
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.TP
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.B \fB\-\-set\-section\-flags\ \fIsection=flags
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Set the flags for the named section. The \fIflags\fP argument is a
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comma separated string of flag names. The recognized names are
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\fIalloc\fP, \fIcontents\fP, \fIload\fP, \fInoload\fP, \fIreadonly\fP,
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\fIcode\fP, \fIdata\fP, \fIrom\fP, \fIshare\fP, and \fIdebug\fP. Not
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all flags are meaningful for all object file formats.
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.TP
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.B \fB\-\-add\-section\ \fIsectionname=filename
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Add a new section named \fIsectionname\fR while copying the file. The
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contents of the new section are taken from the file \fIfilename\fR.
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The size of the section will be the size of the file. This option
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only works on file formats which can support sections with arbitrary
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names.
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.TP
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.B \-\-change\-leading\-char
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Some object file formats use special characters at the start of
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symbols. The most common such character is underscore, which compilers
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often add before every symbol. This option tells
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.B objcopy
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to change the leading character of every symbol when it converts
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between object file formats. If the object file formats use the same
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leading character, this option has no effect. Otherwise, it will add
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a character, or remove a character, or change a character, as
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appropriate.
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.TP
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.B \-\-remove\-leading\-char
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If the first character of a global symbol is a special symbol leading
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character used by the object file format, remove the character. The
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most common symbol leading character is underscore. This option will
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remove a leading underscore from all global symbols. This can be
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useful if you want to link together objects of different file formats
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with different conventions for symbol names. This is different from
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\fB\-\-change\-leading\-char\fP because it always changes the symbol name
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when appropriate, regardless of the object file format of the output
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.TP
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.B \fB\-\-srec\-len=\fIval
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Meaningful only for srec output. Set the length of the Srecords to \fIval\fP.
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This length covers both the address, data and crc fields.
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.TP
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.B \fB\-\-srec\-forceS3
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Meaningful only for srec output. Avoid generation of S1/S2 records, creating
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S3-only record format.
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.TP
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.B \-\-redefine\-sym\ \fIold=new
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Change the name of symbol \fIold\fR to \fInew\fR. This can be useful
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when one is trying link two things together for which you have no
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source, and there are name collisions.
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.TP
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.B \-\-weaken
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Change all global symbols in the file to be weak.
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.TP
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.B \-v\fR, \fB\-\-verbose
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Verbose output: list all object files modified. In the case of
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archives, "\fBobjcopy \-V\fR" lists all members of the archive.
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.TP
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.B \-V\fR, \fB\-\-version
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Show the version number of
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.B objcopy
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and exit.
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.TP
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.B \-\-help
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Show a summary of the options to
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.B objcopy
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and exit.
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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.RB "`\|" binutils "\|'"
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entry in
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.B
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info\c
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\&;
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.I
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The GNU Binary Utilities\c
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\&, Roland H. Pesch (June 1993).
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.SH COPYING
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Copyright (c) 1993, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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.PP
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This document is distributed under the terms of the GNU Free
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Documenation License. That license is described in the GNU Free
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Documentation License section.
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.SH GNU Free Documentation License
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Version 1.1, March 2000
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Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
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Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim
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copies of this license document, but changing it is
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not allowed.
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.PP
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0. PREAMBLE
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.PP
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The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
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written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone
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the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
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modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily,
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this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get
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credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
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modifications made by others.
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.PP
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This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
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works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
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complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
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license designed for free software.
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.PP
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We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
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software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
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program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
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software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
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it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
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whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
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principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
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.PP
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1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
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.PP
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This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a
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notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed
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under the terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any
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such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is
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addressed as "you".
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.PP
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A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
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Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
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modifications and/or translated into another language.
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.PP
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A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
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the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
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publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
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(or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
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|
within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a
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textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
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mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
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connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
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commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
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them.
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.PP
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The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
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are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
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that says that the Document is released under this License.
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.PP
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The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
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as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
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the Document is released under this License.
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.PP
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A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
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represented in a format whose specification is available to the
|
|
general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and
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straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
|
|
pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
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drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
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for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
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to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
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format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage
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subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is
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not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
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.PP
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Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
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ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
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or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
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HTML designed for human modification. Opaque formats include
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PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only
|
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by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
|
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processing tools are not generally available, and the
|
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machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output
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purposes only.
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.PP
|
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The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
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plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
|
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this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
|
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formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means
|
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the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
|
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preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
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|
.PP
|
|
2. VERBATIM COPYING
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|
.PP
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You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
|
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commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
|
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copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
|
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to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
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conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
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technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
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copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
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compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
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number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
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.PP
|
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You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
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you may publicly display copies.
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|
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3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
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.PP
|
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If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100,
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and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose
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the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
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Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
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the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
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you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
|
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the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
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visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
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Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
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the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
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as verbatim copying in other respects.
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.PP
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If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
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legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
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reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
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pages.
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.PP
|
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If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
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more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
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copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
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a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete
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Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the
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general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
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charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter
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option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
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distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this
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Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location
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until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque
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copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to
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the public.
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.PP
|
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It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
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Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
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them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
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.PP
|
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4. MODIFICATIONS
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.PP
|
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You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
|
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the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
|
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the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
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Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
|
|
and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
|
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of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
|
|
.PP
|
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A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
|
|
from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
|
|
(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
|
|
of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
|
|
if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
|
|
.PP
|
|
B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
|
|
responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
|
|
Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
|
|
Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five).
|
|
.PP
|
|
C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
|
|
Modified Version, as the publisher.
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|
.PP
|
|
D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
|
|
.PP
|
|
E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
|
|
adjacent to the other copyright notices.
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|
.PP
|
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F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
|
|
giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
|
|
terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
|
|
Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
|
|
and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
|
|
.PP
|
|
H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
|
|
.PP
|
|
I. Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to
|
|
it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
|
|
publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
|
|
there is no section entitled "History" in the Document, create one
|
|
stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
|
|
given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
|
|
Version as stated in the previous sentence.
|
|
.PP
|
|
J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
|
|
public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
|
|
the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
|
|
it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section.
|
|
You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
|
|
least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
|
|
publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
|
|
.PP
|
|
K. In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
|
|
preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the
|
|
substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
|
|
and/or dedications given therein.
|
|
.PP
|
|
L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
|
|
unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
|
|
or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
|
|
.PP
|
|
M. Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section
|
|
may not be included in the Modified Version.
|
|
.PP
|
|
N. Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements"
|
|
or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
|
|
.PP
|
|
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
|
|
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
|
|
copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
|
|
of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
|
|
list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
|
|
These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
|
|
.PP
|
|
You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
|
|
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
|
|
parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
|
|
been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
|
|
standard.
|
|
.PP
|
|
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
|
|
passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
|
|
of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
|
|
Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
|
|
through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
|
|
includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
|
|
by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
|
|
you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
|
|
permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
|
|
.PP
|
|
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
|
|
give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
|
|
imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
|
|
.PP
|
|
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
|
|
License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
|
|
versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
|
|
Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
|
|
list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
|
|
license notice.
|
|
.PP
|
|
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
|
|
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
|
|
copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
|
|
different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
|
|
adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
|
|
author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
|
|
Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
|
|
Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
|
|
.PP
|
|
In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History"
|
|
in the various original documents, forming one section entitled
|
|
"History"; likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements",
|
|
and any sections entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections
|
|
entitled "Endorsements."
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
|
|
.PP
|
|
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
|
|
released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
|
|
License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
|
|
the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
|
|
verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
|
|
.PP
|
|
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
|
|
it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
|
|
License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
|
|
other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
|
|
.PP
|
|
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
|
|
and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
|
|
distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version
|
|
of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the
|
|
compilation. Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this
|
|
License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled
|
|
with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they
|
|
are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
|
|
.PP
|
|
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
|
|
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter
|
|
of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
|
|
covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate.
|
|
Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
8. TRANSLATION
|
|
.PP
|
|
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
|
|
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
|
|
Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
|
|
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
|
|
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
|
|
original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
|
|
translation of this License provided that you also include the
|
|
original English version of this License. In case of a disagreement
|
|
between the translation and the original English version of this
|
|
License, the original English version will prevail.
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
9. TERMINATION
|
|
.PP
|
|
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
|
|
as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
|
|
copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
|
|
automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
|
|
parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
|
|
License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
|
|
parties remain in full compliance.
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
|
|
.PP
|
|
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
|
|
of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
|
|
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
|
|
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
|
|
http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
|
|
If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
|
|
License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
|
|
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
|
|
of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
|
|
Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
|
|
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
|
|
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
|
|
.PP
|
|
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
|
|
the License in the document and put the following copyright and
|
|
license notices just after the title page:
|
|
.PP
|
|
Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
|
|
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or
|
|
modify this document under the terms of the GNU
|
|
Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later
|
|
version published by the Free Software Foundation;
|
|
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES,
|
|
with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the
|
|
Back-Cover Texts being LIST. A copy of the license
|
|
is included in the section entitled "GNU Free
|
|
Documentation License".
|
|
.PP
|
|
If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections"
|
|
instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no
|
|
Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of
|
|
"Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.
|
|
.PP
|
|
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
|
|
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
|
|
free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
|
|
to permit their use in free software.
|