910 lines
30 KiB
Text
910 lines
30 KiB
Text
\input texinfo @c -*- Texinfo -*-
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@setfilename binutils.info
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@ifinfo
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@format
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START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
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* Binutils: (binutils). The GNU binary utilities "ar", "ld", "objdump",
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"nm", "size", "strip", and "ranlib".
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END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
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@end format
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@end ifinfo
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@ifinfo
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Copyright @copyright{} 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
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this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
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are preserved on all copies.
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@ignore
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Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the
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results, provided the printed document carries a copying permission
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notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph
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(this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
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@end ignore
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Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
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manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that
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the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
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permission notice identical to this one.
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Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
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into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.
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@end ifinfo
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@synindex ky cp
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@c
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@c This file documents the GNU binary utilities "ar", "ld", "objdump", "nm",
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@c "size", "strip", and "ranlib".
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@c
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@c Copyright (C) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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@c
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@c This text may be freely distributed under the terms of the GNU
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@c General Public License.
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@c
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@setchapternewpage odd
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@settitle GNU Binary Utilities
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@titlepage
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@finalout
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@c @smallbook
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@c @cropmarks
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@title The GNU Binary Utilities
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@subtitle Version 1.97
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@sp 1
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@subtitle October 1991
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@author Roland H. Pesch
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@author Cygnus Support
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@page
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@tex
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\def\$#1${{#1}} % Kluge: collect RCS revision info without $...$
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\xdef\manvers{\$Revision$} % For use in headers, footers too
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{\parskip=0pt \hfill Cygnus Support\par \hfill \manvers\par \hfill
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\TeX{}info \texinfoversion\par }
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@end tex
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@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
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Copyright @copyright{} 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
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this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
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are preserved on all copies.
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Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
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manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that
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the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
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permission notice identical to this one.
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Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
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into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.
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@end titlepage
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@node Top, ar, (dir), (dir)
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@chapter Introduction
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@cindex version
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This brief manual contains preliminary documentation for the GNU binary
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utilities (collectively version 1.97):
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@iftex
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@table @code
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@item ar
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Create, modify, and extract from archives
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@item nm
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List symbols from object files
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@item objdump
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Display information from object files
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@item ranlib
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Generate index to archive contents
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@item size
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List section sizes and total size
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@item strip
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Discard symbols
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@end table
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@end iftex
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@menu
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* ar:: Create, modify, and extract from archives
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* ld:(ld)Overview. Combine object and archive files
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* nm:: List symbols from object files
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* objdump:: Display information from object files
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* ranlib:: Generate index to archive contents
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* size:: List section sizes and total size
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* strip:: Discard symbols
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* Index::
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@end menu
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@node ar, nm, Top, Top
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@chapter ar
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@kindex ar
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@cindex archives
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@cindex collections of files
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@smallexample
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ar [-]@var{p}@var{mod} [ @var{membername} ] @var{archive} @var{files}@dots{}
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ar -M [ <mri-script ]
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@end smallexample
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The GNU @code{ar} program creates, modifies, and extracts from
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archives. An @dfn{archive} is a single file holding a collection of
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other files in a structure that makes it possible to retrieve
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the original individual files (called @dfn{members} of the archive).
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The original files' contents, mode (permissions), timestamp, owner, and
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group are preserved in the archive, and may be reconstituted on
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extraction.
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@cindex name length
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GNU @code{ar} can maintain archives whose members have names of any
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length; however, depending on how @code{ar} is configured on your
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system, a limit on member-name length may be imposed (for compatibility
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with archive formats maintained with other tools). If it exists, the
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limit is often 15 characters (typical of formats related to a.out) or 16
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characters (typical of formats related to coff).
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@cindex libraries
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@code{ar} is considered a binary utility because archives of this sort
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are most often used as @dfn{libraries} holding commonly needed
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subroutines.
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@cindex symbol index
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@code{ar} will create an index to the symbols defined in relocatable
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object modules in the archive when you specify the modifier @samp{s}.
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Once created, this index is updated in the archive whenever @code{ar}
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makes a change to its contents (save for the @samp{q} update operation).
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An archive with such an index speeds up linking to the library, and
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allows routines in the library to call each other without regard to
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their placement in the archive.
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You may use @samp{nm -s} or @samp{nm +print-armap} to list this index
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table. If an archive lacks the table, another form of @code{ar} called
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@code{ranlib} can be used to add just the table.
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@cindex compatibility, @code{ar}
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@cindex @code{ar} compatibility
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GNU @code{ar} is designed to be compatible with two different
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facilities. You can control its activity using command-line options,
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like the different varieties of @code{ar} on Unix systems; or, if you
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specify the single command-line option @samp{-M}, you can control it
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with a script supplied via standard input, like the MRI ``librarian''
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program.
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@menu
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* ar-cmdline:: Controlling @code{ar} on the command line
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* ar-scripts:: Controlling @code{ar} with a script
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@end menu
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@page
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@node ar-cmdline, ar-scripts, ar, ar
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@section Controlling @code{ar} on the command line
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@smallexample
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ar [-]@var{p}@var{mod} [ @var{membername} ] @var{archive} @var{files}@dots{}
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@end smallexample
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@cindex Unix compatibility, @code{ar}
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When you use @code{ar} in the Unix style, @code{ar} insists on at least two
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arguments to execute: one keyletter specifying the @emph{operation}
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(optionally accompanied by other keyletters specifying
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@emph{modifiers}), and the archive name to act on.
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Most operations can also accept further @var{files} arguments,
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specifying particular files to operate on.
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GNU @code{ar} allows you to mix the operation code @var{p} and modifier
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flags @var{mod} in any order, within the first command-line argument.
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If you wish, you may begin the first command-line argument with a
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dash.
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@cindex operations on archive
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The @var{p} keyletter specifies what operation to execute; it may be
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any of the following, but you must specify only one of them:
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@table @code
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@item d
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@cindex deleting from archive
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@emph{Delete} modules from the archive. Specify the names of modules to
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be deleted as @var{files}; the archive is untouched if you
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specify no files to delete.
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If you specify the @samp{v} modifier, @code{ar} will list each module
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as it is deleted.
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@item m
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@cindex moving in archive
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Use this operation to @emph{move} members in an archive.
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The ordering of members in an archive can make a difference in how
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programs are linked using the library, if a symbol is defined in more
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than one member.
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If no modifiers are used with @code{m}, any members you name in the
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@var{files} arguments are moved to the @emph{end} of the archive;
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you can use the @samp{a}, @samp{b}, or @samp{i} modifiers to move them to a
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specified place instead.
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@item p
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@cindex printing from archive
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@emph{Print} the specified members of the archive, to the standard
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output file. If the @samp{v} modifier is specified, show the member
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name before copying its contents to standard output.
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If you specify no @var{files}, all the files in the archive are printed.
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@item q
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@cindex quick append to archive
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@emph{Quick append}; add @var{files} to the end of @var{archive},
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without checking for replacement.
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The modifiers @samp{a}, @samp{b}, and @samp{i} do @emph{not} affect this
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operation; new members are always placed at the end of the archive.
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The modifier @samp{v} makes @code{ar} list each file as it is appended.
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Since the point of this operation is speed, the archive's symbol table
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index is not updated, even if it already existed; you can use @samp{ar s} or
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@code{ranlib} explicitly to update the symbol table index.
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@item r
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@cindex replacement in archive
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Insert @var{files} into @var{archive} (with @emph{replacement}). This
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operation differs from @samp{q} in that any previously existing members
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are deleted if their names match those being added.
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If one of the files named in @var{files} doesn't exist, @code{ar}
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displays an error message, and leaves undisturbed any existing members
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of the archive matching that name.
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By default, new members are added at the end of the file; but you may
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use one of the modifiers @samp{a}, @samp{b}, or @samp{i} to request
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placement relative to some existing member.
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The modifier @samp{v} used with this operation elicits a line of
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output for each file inserted, along with one of the letters @samp{a} or
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@samp{r} to indicate whether the file was appended (no old member
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deleted) or replaced.
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@item t
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@cindex contents of archive
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Display a @emph{table} listing the contents of @var{archive}, or those
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of the files listed in @var{files} that are present in the
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archive. Normally only the member name is shown; if you also want to
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see the modes (permissions), timestamp, owner, group, and size, you can
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request that by also specifying the @samp{v} modifier.
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If you do not specify any @var{files}, all files in the archive
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are listed.
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@cindex repeated names in archive
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@cindex name duplication in archive
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If there is more than one file with the same name (say, @samp{fie}) in
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an archive (say @samp{b.a}), @samp{ar t b.a fie} will list only the
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first instance; to see them all, you must ask for a complete
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listing---in our example, @samp{ar t b.a}.
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@c WRS only; per Gumby, this is implementation-dependent, and in a more
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@c recent case in fact works the other way.
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@item x
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@cindex extract from archive
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@emph{Extract} members (named @var{files}) from the archive. You can
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use the @samp{v} modifier with this operation, to request that
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@code{ar} list each name as it extracts it.
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If you do not specify any @var{files}, all files in the archive
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are extracted.
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@end table
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A number of modifiers (@var{mod}) may immediately follow the @var{p}
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keyletter, to specify variations on an operation's behavior:
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@table @code
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@item a
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@cindex relative placement in archive
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Add new files @emph{after} an existing member of the
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archive. If you use the modifier @code{a}, the name of an existing archive
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member must be present as the @var{membername} argument, before the
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@var{archive} specification.
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@item b
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Add new files @emph{before} an existing member of the
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archive. If you use the modifier @code{b}, the name of an existing archive
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member must be present as the @var{membername} argument, before the
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@var{archive} specification. (same as @samp{i}).
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@item c
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@cindex creating archives
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@emph{Create} the archive. The specified @var{archive} is always
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created if it didn't exist, when you request an update. But a warning is
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issued unless you specify in advance that you expect to create it, by
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using this modifier.
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@item i
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Insert new files @emph{before} an existing member of the
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archive. If you use the modifier @code{i}, the name of an existing archive
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member must be present as the @var{membername} argument, before the
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@var{archive} specification. (same as @samp{b}).
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@item l
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This modifier is accepted but not used.
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@c whaffor ar l modifier??? presumably compat; with
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@c what???---pesch@@cygnus.com, 25jan91
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@item o
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@cindex dates in archive
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Preserve the @emph{original} dates of members when extracting them. If
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you do not specify this modifier, files extracted from the archive
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will be stamped with the time of extraction.
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@item s
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@cindex writing archive index
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Write an object-file index into the archive, or update an existing one,
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even if no other change is made to the archive. You may use this modifier
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flag either with any operation, or alone. Running @samp{ar s} on an
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archive is equivalent to running @samp{ranlib} on it.
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@item u
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@cindex updating an archive
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Normally, @code{ar r}@dots{} inserts all files
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listed into the archive. If you would like to insert @emph{only} those
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of the files you list that are newer than existing members of the same
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names, use this modifier. The @samp{u} modifier is allowed only for the
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operation @samp{r} (replace). In particular, the combination @samp{qu} is
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not allowed, since checking the timestamps would lose any speed
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advantage from the operation @samp{q}.
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@item v
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This modifier requests the @emph{verbose} version of an operation. Many
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operations display additional information, such as filenames processed,
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when the modifier @samp{v} is appended.
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@end table
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@node ar-scripts, , ar-cmdline, ar
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@section Controlling @code{ar} with a script
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@smallexample
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ar -M [ <@var{script} ]
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@end smallexample
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@cindex MRI compatibility, @code{ar}
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@cindex scripts, @code{ar}
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If you use the single command-line option @samp{-M} with @code{ar}, you
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can control its operation with a rudimentary command language. This
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form of @code{ar} will operate interactively if standard input is coming
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directly from a terminal. During interactive use, @code{ar} prompts for
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input (the prompt is @samp{AR >}), and continues executing even after
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errors. If you redirect standard input to a script file, no prompts are
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issued, and @code{ar} will abandon execution (with a nonzero exit code)
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on any error.
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The @code{ar} command language is @emph{not} designed to be equivalent
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to the command-line options; in fact, it provides somewhat less control
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over archives. The only purpose of the command language is to ease the
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transition to GNU @code{ar} for developers who already have scripts
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written for the MRI ``librarian'' program.
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The syntax for the @code{ar} command language is straightforward:
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@itemize @bullet
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@item
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commands are recognized in upper or lower case; for example, @code{LIST}
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is the same as @code{list}. In the following descriptions, commands are
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shown in upper case for clarity.
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@item
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a single command may appear on each line; it is the first word on the
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line.
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@item
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empty lines are allowed, and have no effect.
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@item
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comments are allowed; text after either of the characters @samp{*}
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or @samp{;} is ignored.
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@item
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Whenever you use a list of names as part of the argument to an @code{ar}
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command, you can separate the individual names with either commas or
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blanks. Commas are shown in the explanations below, for clarity.
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@item
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@samp{+} is used as a line continuation character; if @samp{+} appears
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at the end of a line, the text on the following line is considered part
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of the current command.
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@end itemize
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Here are the commands you can use in @code{ar} scripts, or when using
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@code{ar} interactively. Three of them have special significance:
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@code{OPEN} or @code{CREATE} specify a @dfn{current archive}, which is
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a temporary file required for most of the other commands.
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@code{SAVE} commits the changes so far specified by the script. Prior
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to @code{SAVE}, commands affect only the temporary copy of the current
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archive.
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@table @code
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@item ADDLIB @var{archive}
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@itemx ADDLIB @var{archive} (@var{module}, @var{module}, @dots{} @var{module})
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Add all the contents of @var{archive} (or, if specified, each named
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@var{module} from @var{archive}) to the current archive.
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Requires prior use of @code{OPEN} or @code{CREATE}.
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@item ADDMOD @var{file}, @var{file}, @dots{} @var{file}
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@c FIXME! w/Replacement?? If so, like "ar r @var{archive} @var{names}"
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@c else like "ar q..."
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Add each named @var{file} as a module in the current archive.
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Requires prior use of @code{OPEN} or @code{CREATE}.
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@item CLEAR
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Discard the contents of the current archive, cancelling the effect of
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any operations since the last @code{SAVE}. May be executed (with no
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effect) even if no current archive is specified.
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@item CREATE @var{archive}
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Creates an archive, and makes it the current archive (required for many
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other commands). The new archive is created with a temporary name; it
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is not actually saved as @var{archive} until you use @code{SAVE}.
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You can overwrite existing archives; similarly, the contents of any
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existing file named @var{archive} will not be destroyed until @code{SAVE}.
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@item DELETE @var{module}, @var{module}, @dots{} @var{module}
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Delete each listed @var{module} from the current archive; equivalent to
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@samp{ar -d @var{archive} @var{module} @dots{} @var{module}}.
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Requires prior use of @code{OPEN} or @code{CREATE}.
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@item DIRECTORY @var{archive} (@var{module}, @dots{} @var{module})
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@itemx DIRECTORY @var{archive} (@var{module}, @dots{} @var{module}) @var{outputfile}
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List each named @var{module} present in @var{archive}. The separate
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command @code{VERBOSE} specifies the form of the output: when verbose
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output is off, output is like that of @samp{ar -t @var{archive}
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@var{module}@dots{}}. When verbose output is on, the listing is like
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@samp{ar -tv @var{archive} @var{module}@dots{}}.
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Output normally goes to the standard output stream; however, if you
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specify @var{outputfile} as a final argument, @code{ar} directs the
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output to that file.
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@item END
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Exit from @code{ar}, with a @code{0} exit code to indicate successful
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completion. This command does not save the output file; if you have
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changed the current archive since the last @code{SAVE} command, those
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changes are lost.
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@item EXTRACT @var{module}, @var{module}, @dots{} @var{module}
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Extract each named @var{module} from the current archive, writing them
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into the current directory as separate files. Equivalent to @samp{ar -x
|
|
@var{archive} @var{module}@dots{}}.
|
|
|
|
Requires prior use of @code{OPEN} or @code{CREATE}.
|
|
|
|
@ignore
|
|
@c FIXME Tokens but no commands???
|
|
@item FULLDIR
|
|
|
|
@item HELP
|
|
@end ignore
|
|
|
|
@item LIST
|
|
Display full contents of the current archive, in ``verbose'' style
|
|
regardless of the state of @code{VERBOSE}. The effect is like @samp{ar
|
|
tv @var{archive}}). (This single command is a GNU @code{ld}
|
|
enhancement, rather than present for MRI compatibility.)
|
|
|
|
Requires prior use of @code{OPEN} or @code{CREATE}.
|
|
|
|
@item OPEN @var{archive}
|
|
Opens an existing archive for use as the current archive (required for
|
|
many other commands). Any changes as the result of subsequent commands
|
|
will not actually affect @var{archive} until you next use @code{SAVE}.
|
|
|
|
@item REPLACE @var{module}, @var{module}, @dots{} @var{module}
|
|
In the current archive, replace each existing @var{module} (named in
|
|
the @code{REPLACE} arguments) from files in the current working directory.
|
|
To execute this command without errors, both the file, and the module in
|
|
the current archive, must exist.
|
|
|
|
Requires prior use of @code{OPEN} or @code{CREATE}.
|
|
|
|
@item VERBOSE
|
|
Toggle an internal flag governing the output from @code{DIRECTORY}.
|
|
When the flag is on, @code{DIRECTORY} output matches output from
|
|
@samp{ar -tv @dots{}}.
|
|
|
|
@item SAVE
|
|
Commit your changes to the current archive, and actually save it as a
|
|
file with the name specified in the last @code{CREATE} or @code{OPEN}
|
|
command.
|
|
|
|
Requires prior use of @code{OPEN} or @code{CREATE}.
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@iftex
|
|
@node ld
|
|
@chapter ld
|
|
@cindex linker
|
|
@kindex ld
|
|
The GNU linker @code{ld} is now described in a separate manual.
|
|
@xref{Top,, Overview,, Using LD: the GNU linker}.
|
|
@end iftex
|
|
|
|
@node nm, objdump, ar, Top
|
|
@chapter nm
|
|
@cindex symbols
|
|
@kindex nm
|
|
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
nm [ -a | +debug-syms ] [ -g | +extern-only ]
|
|
[ -s | +print-armap ] [ -o | +print-file-name ]
|
|
[ -n | +numeric-sort ] [ -p | +no-sort ]
|
|
[ -r | +reverse-sort ] [ -u | +undefined-only ]
|
|
[ +target @var{bfdname} ]
|
|
[ @var{objfiles}@dots{} ]
|
|
@end smallexample
|
|
|
|
GNU @code{nm} will list the symbols from object files @var{objfiles}.
|
|
|
|
The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are
|
|
equivalent.
|
|
|
|
@table @code
|
|
@item @var{objfiles}@dots{}
|
|
@kindex a.out
|
|
Object files whose symbols are to be listed. If no object files are
|
|
listed as arguments, @code{nm} assumes @samp{a.out}.
|
|
|
|
@item -a
|
|
@itemx +debug-syms
|
|
@cindex debugging symbols
|
|
Display debugger-only symbols; normally these are not listed.
|
|
|
|
@item -g
|
|
@itemx +extern-only
|
|
@cindex external symbols
|
|
Display only external symbols.
|
|
|
|
@item -p
|
|
@itemx +no-sort
|
|
@cindex sorting symbols
|
|
Don't bother to sort the symbols in any order; just print them in the
|
|
order encountered.
|
|
|
|
@item -n
|
|
@itemx +numeric-sort
|
|
Sort symbols numerically by their addresses, not alphabetically by their
|
|
names.
|
|
|
|
@item -s
|
|
@itemx +print-armap
|
|
@cindex symbol index, listing
|
|
When listing symbols from archive members, include the index: a mapping
|
|
(stored in the archive by @code{ar} or @code{ranlib}) of what modules
|
|
contain definitions for what names.
|
|
|
|
@item -o
|
|
@itemx +print-file-name
|
|
@cindex input file name
|
|
@cindex file name
|
|
@cindex source file name
|
|
Precede each symbol by the name of the input file where it was found,
|
|
rather than identifying the input file once only before all of its
|
|
symbols.
|
|
|
|
@item -r
|
|
@itemx +reverse-sort
|
|
Reverse the sense of the sort (whether numeric or alphabetic); let the
|
|
last come first.
|
|
|
|
@item +target @var{bfdname}
|
|
@c @item +target
|
|
@cindex object code format
|
|
Specify an object code format other than your system's default format.
|
|
@xref{objdump}, for information on listing available formats.
|
|
@c FIXME what *does* +target/no arg do?
|
|
|
|
@item -u
|
|
@itemx +undefined-only
|
|
@cindex external symbols
|
|
@cindex undefined symbols
|
|
Display only undefined symbols (those external to each object file).
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node objdump, ranlib, nm, Top
|
|
@chapter objdump
|
|
|
|
@cindex object file information
|
|
@kindex objdump
|
|
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
objdump [ -a ] [ -b @var{bfdname} ] [ -d ] [ -f ]
|
|
[ -h | --header ] [ -i ] [ -j @var{section} ] [ -l ]
|
|
[ -m @var{machine} ] [ -r | --reloc ] [ -s ]
|
|
[ --stabs ] [ -t | --syms ] [ -x ]
|
|
@var{objfiles}@dots{}
|
|
@end smallexample
|
|
|
|
@code{objdump} displays information about one or more object files.
|
|
The options control what particular information to display. This
|
|
information is mostly useful to programmers who are working on the
|
|
compilation tools, as opposed to programmers who just want their
|
|
program to compile and work.
|
|
|
|
The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are
|
|
equivalent.
|
|
|
|
@table @code
|
|
@item @var{objfiles}@dots{}
|
|
The object files to be examined. When you specify archives,
|
|
@code{objdump} shows information on each of the member object files.
|
|
|
|
@item -a
|
|
@c print_arelt_descr
|
|
@cindex archive headers
|
|
If any files from @var{objfiles} are archives, display the archive
|
|
header information (in a format similar to @samp{ls -l}). Besides the
|
|
information you could list with @samp{ar tv}, @samp{objdump -a} shows
|
|
the object file format of each archive member.
|
|
|
|
@c suggest longname --target or --format or --bfd
|
|
@item -b @var{bfdname}
|
|
@cindex object code format
|
|
You can specify a particular object-code format for your object files as
|
|
@var{bfdname}. This may not be necessary; @var{objdump} can
|
|
automatically recognize many formats. For example,
|
|
@example
|
|
objdump -b oasys -m vax -h fu.o
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
Displays summary information from the section headers (@samp{-h}) of
|
|
@file{fu.o}, which is explicitly identified (@samp{-m}) as a Vax object
|
|
file in the format produced by Oasys compilers. You can list the
|
|
formats available with the @samp{-i} option.
|
|
|
|
@item -d
|
|
@cindex disassembling object code
|
|
@cindex machine instructions
|
|
Disassemble. Display the assembler mnemonics for the machine
|
|
instructions from @var{objfiles}.
|
|
|
|
@item -f
|
|
@cindex object file header
|
|
File header. Display summary information from the overall header of
|
|
each file in @var{objfiles}.
|
|
|
|
@item -h
|
|
@itemx --header
|
|
@cindex section headers
|
|
Header. Display summary information from the section headers of the
|
|
object file.
|
|
|
|
@item -i
|
|
@cindex architectures available
|
|
@cindex object formats available
|
|
Display a list showing all architectures and object formats available
|
|
for specification with @code{-b} or @code{-m}.
|
|
|
|
@c suggest longname --section
|
|
@item -j @var{name}
|
|
@cindex section information
|
|
Display information only for section @var{name}
|
|
|
|
@c suggest longname --label or --linespec
|
|
@item -l
|
|
@cindex source filenames for object files
|
|
Label the display (using debugging information) with the source filename
|
|
and line numbers corresponding to the object code shown.
|
|
|
|
@c suggest longname --architecture
|
|
@item -m @var{machine}
|
|
@cindex architecture
|
|
Specify the object files @var{objfiles} are for architecture
|
|
@var{machine}. You can list available architectures using the @samp{-i}
|
|
option.
|
|
|
|
@item -r
|
|
@itemx --reloc
|
|
@cindex relocation entries, in object file
|
|
Relocation. Print the relocation entries of the file.
|
|
|
|
@item -s
|
|
@cindex sections, full contents
|
|
@cindex object file sections
|
|
Display the full contents of any sections requested.
|
|
|
|
@item --stabs
|
|
@cindex stab
|
|
@cindex .stab
|
|
@cindex debug symbols
|
|
@cindex ELF object file format
|
|
Display the full contents of any sections requested. Display the
|
|
contents of the .stab and .stab.index and .stab.excl sections from an
|
|
ELF file. This is only useful on systems (such as Solaris 2.0) in which
|
|
@code{.stab} debugging symbol-table entries are carried in an ELF
|
|
section. In most other file formats, debugging symbol-table entries are
|
|
interleaved with linkage symbols, and are visible in the @samp{--syms}
|
|
output.
|
|
|
|
@item -t
|
|
@itemx --syms
|
|
@cindex symbol table entries, printing
|
|
Symbol Table. Print the symbol table entries of the file.
|
|
This is similar to the information provided by the @samp{nm} program.
|
|
|
|
@item -x
|
|
@cindex all header information, object file
|
|
@cindex header information, all
|
|
Display all available header information, including the symbol table and
|
|
relocation entries. Using @samp{-x} is equivalent to specifying all of
|
|
@samp{-a -f -h -r -t}.
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node ranlib, size, objdump, Top
|
|
@chapter ranlib
|
|
|
|
@kindex ranlib
|
|
@cindex archive contents
|
|
@cindex symbol index
|
|
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
ranlib @var{archive}
|
|
@end smallexample
|
|
|
|
@code{ranlib} generates an index to the contents of an archive, and
|
|
stores it in the archive. The index lists each symbol defined by a
|
|
member of an archive that is a relocatable object file.
|
|
|
|
You may use @samp{nm -s} or @samp{nm +print-armap} to list this index.
|
|
|
|
An archive with such an index speeds up linking to the library, and
|
|
allows routines in the library to call each other without regard to
|
|
their placement in the archive.
|
|
|
|
The GNU @code{ranlib} program is another form of GNU @code{ar}; running
|
|
@code{ranlib} is completely equivalent to executing @samp{ar -s}.
|
|
@xref{ar}.
|
|
|
|
@node size, strip, ranlib, Top
|
|
@chapter size
|
|
|
|
@kindex size
|
|
@cindex section sizes
|
|
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
size [ -A | -B | +format @var{compatibility} ]
|
|
[ +help ] [ -d | -o | -x | +radix @var{number} ]
|
|
[ +target @var{bfdname} ] [ -V | +version ]
|
|
@var{objfiles}@dots{}
|
|
@end smallexample
|
|
|
|
The GNU @code{size} utility lists the section sizes---and the total
|
|
size---for each of the object files @var{objfiles} in its argument list.
|
|
By default, one line of output is generated for each object file or each
|
|
module in an archive.
|
|
|
|
The command line options have the following meanings:
|
|
@table @code
|
|
@item @var{objfiles}@dots{}
|
|
The object files to be examined.
|
|
|
|
@item -A
|
|
@itemx -B
|
|
@itemx +format @var{compatibility}
|
|
@cindex size display format
|
|
Using one of these options, you can choose whether the output from GNU
|
|
@code{size} resembles output from System V @code{size} (using @samp{-A},
|
|
or @samp{+format sysv}), or Berkeley @code{size} (using @samp{-B}, or
|
|
@samp{+format berkeley}). The default is the one-line format similar to
|
|
Berkeley's.
|
|
@c Bonus for doc-source readers: you can also say +format=strange (or
|
|
@c anything else that starts with 's') for sysv, and +format=boring (or
|
|
@c anything else that starts with 'b') for Berkeley.
|
|
|
|
Here is an example of the Berkeley (default) format of output from
|
|
@code{size}:
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
eg$ size +format Berkeley ranlib size
|
|
text data bss dec hex filename
|
|
294880 81920 11592 388392 5ed28 ranlib
|
|
294880 81920 11888 388688 5ee50 size
|
|
@end smallexample
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
This is the same data, but displayed closer to System V conventions:
|
|
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
eg$ size +format SysV ranlib size
|
|
ranlib :
|
|
section size addr
|
|
.text 294880 8192
|
|
.data 81920 303104
|
|
.bss 11592 385024
|
|
Total 388392
|
|
|
|
|
|
size :
|
|
section size addr
|
|
.text 294880 8192
|
|
.data 81920 303104
|
|
.bss 11888 385024
|
|
Total 388688
|
|
@end smallexample
|
|
|
|
@item +help
|
|
Show a summary of acceptable arguments and options.
|
|
|
|
@item -d
|
|
@itemx -o
|
|
@itemx -x
|
|
@itemx +radix @var{number}
|
|
@cindex size number format
|
|
@cindex radix for section sizes
|
|
Using one of these options, you can control whether the size of each
|
|
section is given in decimal (@samp{-d}, or @samp{+radix 10}); octal
|
|
(@samp{-o}, or @samp{+radix 8}); or hexadecimal (@samp{-x}, or
|
|
@samp{+radix 16}). In @samp{+radix @var{number}}, only the three
|
|
values (8, 10, 16) are supported. The total size is always given in two
|
|
radices; decimal and hexadecimal for @samp{-d} or @samp{-x} output, or
|
|
octal and hexadecimal if you're using @samp{-o}.
|
|
|
|
@item +target @var{bfdname}
|
|
@cindex object code format
|
|
You can specify a particular object-code format for @var{objfiles} as
|
|
@var{bfdname}. This may not be necessary; @var{size} can
|
|
automatically recognize many formats. @xref{objdump}, for information
|
|
on listing available formats.
|
|
|
|
@item -V
|
|
@itemx +version
|
|
Display version number information on @code{size} itself.
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node strip, Index, size, Top
|
|
@chapter strip
|
|
|
|
@kindex strip
|
|
@cindex removing symbols
|
|
@cindex discarding symbols
|
|
@cindex symbols, discarding
|
|
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
strip [ -v ] @var{objfiles}@dots{}
|
|
@end smallexample
|
|
|
|
GNU @code{strip} will discard all symbols from object files
|
|
@var{objfiles}. The list of object files may include archives.
|
|
|
|
@code{strip} will not execute unless at least one object file is listed.
|
|
|
|
@quotation
|
|
@emph{WARNING:} @code{strip} modifies the files named in its argument,
|
|
rather than writing modified copies under different names.
|
|
@end quotation
|
|
|
|
@table @code
|
|
@item -v
|
|
Verbose operation: list all object files modified. In the case of
|
|
archives, @samp{strip -v} will list all members of the archive.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Index, , strip, Top
|
|
@unnumbered Index
|
|
|
|
@printindex cp
|
|
|
|
@contents
|
|
@bye
|