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Import of readline-2.2.1

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Elena Zannoni 1998-12-21 20:06:35 +00:00
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#
# Master Manifest file for documentation-only distribution
#
doc d
MANIFEST.doc f
doc/readline.ps f
doc/history.ps f
doc/readline.dvi f
doc/history.dvi f
doc/readline.info f
doc/history.info f
doc/readline.html f
doc/readline_toc.html f
doc/history.html f
doc/history_toc.html f
doc/readline.0 f

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/* acconfig.h
This file is in the public domain.
Descriptive text for the C preprocessor macros that
the distributed Autoconf macros can define.
No software package will use all of them; autoheader copies the ones
your configure.in uses into your configuration header file templates.
The entries are in sort -df order: alphabetical, case insensitive,
ignoring punctuation (such as underscores). Although this order
can split up related entries, it makes it easier to check whether
a given entry is in the file.
Leave the following blank line there!! Autoheader needs it. */
/* Definitions pulled in from aclocal.m4. */
#undef VOID_SIGHANDLER
#undef TIOCGWINSZ_IN_SYS_IOCTL
#undef TIOCSTAT_IN_SYS_IOCTL
#undef HAVE_GETPW_DECLS
/* Leave that blank line there!! Autoheader needs it.
If you're adding to this file, keep in mind:
The entries are in sort -df order: alphabetical, case insensitive,
ignoring punctuation (such as underscores). */

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@ -1,17 +1,31 @@
\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
@comment %**start of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.)
@c %**start of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.)
@setfilename history.info
@settitle GNU Readline Library
@comment %**end of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.)
@synindex vr fn
@settitle GNU History Library
@c %**end of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.)
@setchapternewpage odd
@ignore
last change: Thu Apr 2 14:38:22 EST 1998
@end ignore
@set EDITION 2.2
@set VERSION 2.2
@set UPDATED 2 April 1998
@set UPDATE-MONTH April 1998
@dircategory Libraries
@direntry
* History: (history). The GNU history library API
@end direntry
@ifinfo
This document describes the GNU History library, a programming tool that
provides a consistent user interface for recalling lines of previously
typed input.
Copyright (C) 1988, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Copyright (C) 1988, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
@ -36,18 +50,13 @@ by the Foundation.
@end ifinfo
@titlepage
@sp 10
@center @titlefont{GNU History Library}
@center Brian Fox
@center Free Software Foundation
@center Version 1.1
@center April 1991
@c Include the Distribution inside the titlepage environment so
@c that headings are turned off.
@title GNU History Library
@subtitle Edition @value{EDITION}, for @code{History Library} Version @value{VERSION}.
@subtitle @value{UPDATE-MONTH}
@author Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation
@author Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University
@page
This document describes the GNU History library, a programming tool that
provides a consistent user interface for recalling lines of previously
typed input.
@ -91,6 +100,8 @@ typed input.
@end menu
@end ifinfo
@syncodeindex fn vr
@include hsuser.texinfo
@include hstech.texinfo
@ -101,6 +112,6 @@ typed input.
@node Function and Variable Index
@appendix Function and Variable Index
@printindex vr
@contents
@contents
@bye

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Info file history.info, produced by Makeinfo, -*- Text -*- from input
file hist.texinfo.
This is Info file history.info, produced by Makeinfo version 1.67 from
the input file /usr/homes/chet/src/bash/readline-2.2/doc/hist.texinfo.
INFO-DIR-SECTION Libraries
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* History: (history). The GNU history library API
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
This document describes the GNU History library, a programming tool
that provides a consistent user interface for recalling lines of
previously typed input.
Copyright (C) 1988, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Copyright (C) 1988, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1996 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
pare preserved on all copies.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice pare
preserved on all copies.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that
@ -22,7 +28,7 @@ versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a
translation approved by the Foundation.

File: history.info, Node: Top, Next: Using History Interactively, Prev: (DIR), Up: (DIR)
File: history.info, Node: Top, Next: Using History Interactively, Up: (dir)
GNU History Library
*******************
@ -47,8 +53,8 @@ Using History Interactively
This chapter describes how to use the GNU History Library
interactively, from a user's standpoint. It should be considered a
user's guide. For information on using the GNU History Library in
your own programs, *note Programming with GNU History::..
user's guide. For information on using the GNU History Library in your
own programs, *note Programming with GNU History::..
* Menu:
@ -57,27 +63,34 @@ your own programs, *note Programming with GNU History::..

File: history.info, Node: History Interaction, Up: Using History Interactively
History Interaction
===================
History Expansion
=================
The History library provides a history expansion feature that is
similar to the history expansion in Csh. The following text describes
the sytax that you use to manipulate the history information.
similar to the history expansion provided by `csh'. This section
describes the syntax used to manipulate the history information.
History expansions introduce words from the history list into the
input stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments
to a previous command into the current input line, or fix errors in
previous commands quickly.
History expansion takes place in two parts. The first is to
determine which line from the previous history should be used during
determine which line from the history list should be used during
substitution. The second is to select portions of that line for
inclusion into the current one. The line selected from the previous
history is called the "event", and the portions of that line that are
acted upon are called "words". The line is broken into words in the
same fashion that the Bash shell does, so that several English (or
Unix) words surrounded by quotes are considered as one word.
inclusion into the current one. The line selected from the history is
called the "event", and the portions of that line that are acted upon
are called "words". Various "modifiers" are available to manipulate
the selected words. The line is broken into words in the same fashion
that Bash does, so that several words surrounded by quotes are
considered one word. History expansions are introduced by the
appearance of the history expansion character, which is `!' by default.
* Menu:
* Event Designators:: How to specify which history line to use.
* Word Designators:: Specifying which words are of interest.
* Modifiers:: Modifying the results of susbstitution.
* Modifiers:: Modifying the results of substitution.

File: history.info, Node: Event Designators, Next: Word Designators, Up: History Interaction
@ -89,23 +102,32 @@ Event Designators
history list.
`!'
Start a history subsititution, except when followed by a space,
tab, or the end of the line... = or (.
Start a history substitution, except when followed by a space, tab,
the end of the line, `=' or `('.
`!N'
Refer to command line N.
`!-N'
Refer to the command N lines back.
`!!'
Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for `!-1'.
`!n'
Refer to command line N.
`!-n'
Refer to the command line N lines back.
`!string'
`!STRING'
Refer to the most recent command starting with STRING.
`!?string'[`?']
Refer to the most recent command containing STRING.
`!?STRING[?]'
Refer to the most recent command containing STRING. The trailing
`?' may be omitted if the STRING is followed immediately by a
newline.
`^STRING1^STRING2^'
Quick Substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing STRING1
with STRING2. Equivalent to `!!:s/STRING1/STRING2/'.
`!#'
The entire command line typed so far.

File: history.info, Node: Word Designators, Next: Modifiers, Prev: Event Designators, Up: History Interaction
@ -113,34 +135,44 @@ File: history.info, Node: Word Designators, Next: Modifiers, Prev: Event Desi
Word Designators
----------------
A : separates the event specification from the word designator. It
can be omitted if the word designator begins with a ^, $, * or %.
Words are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word
being denoted by a 0 (zero).
Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A
`:' separates the event specification from the word designator. It may
be omitted if the word designator begins with a `^', `$', `*', `-', or
`%'. Words are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first
word being denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current
line separated by single spaces.
`0 (zero)'
The zero'th word. For many applications, this is the command
word.
The `0'th word. For many applications, this is the command word.
`n'
The N'th word.
`N'
The Nth word.
`^'
The first argument. that is, word 1.
The first argument; that is, word 1.
`$'
The last argument.
`%'
The word matched by the most recent `?string?' search.
The word matched by the most recent `?STRING?' search.
`x-y'
A range of words; `-Y' Abbreviates `0-Y'.
`X-Y'
A range of words; `-Y' abbreviates `0-Y'.
`*'
All of the words, excepting the zero'th. This is a synonym for
`1-$'. It is not an error to use * if there is just one word in
the event. The empty string is returned in that case.
All of the words, except the `0'th. This is a synonym for `1-$'.
It is not an error to use `*' if there is just one word in the
event; the empty string is returned in that case.
`X*'
Abbreviates `X-$'
`X-'
Abbreviates `X-$' like `X*', but omits the last word.
If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the
previous command is used as the event.

File: history.info, Node: Modifiers, Prev: Word Designators, Up: History Interaction
@ -148,38 +180,48 @@ File: history.info, Node: Modifiers, Prev: Word Designators, Up: History Inte
Modifiers
---------
After the optional word designator, you can add a sequence of one
or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a :.
`#'
The entire command line typed so far. This means the current
command, not the previous command, so it really isn't a word
designator, and doesn't belong in this section.
After the optional word designator, you can add a sequence of one or
more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'.
`h'
Remove a trailing pathname component, leaving only the head.
`r'
Remove a trailing suffix of the form `.'SUFFIX, leaving the
basename.
`e'
Remove all but the suffix.
`t'
Remove all leading pathname components, leaving the tail.
`r'
Remove a trailing suffix of the form `.SUFFIX', leaving the
basename.
`e'
Remove all but the trailing suffix.
`p'
Print the new command but do not execute it.
`s/OLD/NEW/'
Substitute NEW for the first occurrence of OLD in the event line.
Any delimiter may be used in place of `/'. The delimiter may be
quoted in OLD and NEW with a single backslash. If `&' appears in
NEW, it is replaced by OLD. A single backslash will quote the
`&'. The final delimiter is optional if it is the last character
on the input line.
`&'
Repeat the previous substitution.
`g'
Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. Used in
conjunction with `s', as in `gs/OLD/NEW/', or with `&'.

File: history.info, Node: Programming with GNU History, Next: Concept Index, Prev: Using History Interactively, Up: Top
Programming with GNU History
****************************
This chapter describes how to interface the GNU History Library with
programs that you write. It should be considered a technical guide.
This chapter describes how to interface programs that you write with
the GNU History Library. It should be considered a technical guide.
For information on the interactive use of GNU History, *note Using
History Interactively::..
@ -198,27 +240,27 @@ Introduction to History
=======================
Many programs read input from the user a line at a time. The GNU
history library is able to keep track of those lines, associate
History library is able to keep track of those lines, associate
arbitrary data with each line, and utilize information from previous
lines in making up new ones.
lines in composing new ones.
The programmer using the History library has available to him
functions for remembering lines on a history stack, associating
arbitrary data with a line, removing lines from the stack, searching
through the stack for a line containing an arbitrary text string, and
referencing any line on the stack directly. In addition, a history
"expansion" function is available which provides for a consistent user
interface across many different programs.
The programmer using the History library has available functions for
remembering lines on a history list, associating arbitrary data with a
line, removing lines from the list, searching through the list for a
line containing an arbitrary text string, and referencing any line in
the list directly. In addition, a history "expansion" function is
available which provides for a consistent user interface across
different programs.
The end-user using programs written with the History library has the
benifit of a consistent user interface, with a set of well-known
commands for manipulating the text of previous lines and using that
text in new commands. The basic history manipulation commands are
similar to the history substitution used by `Csh'.
The user using programs written with the History library has the
benefit of a consistent user interface with a set of well-known
commands for manipulating the text of previous lines and using that text
in new commands. The basic history manipulation commands are similar to
the history substitution provided by `csh'.
If the programmer desires, he can use the Readline library, which
includes some history manipulation by default, and has the added
advantage of Emacs style command line editing.
advantage of command line editing.

File: history.info, Node: History Storage, Next: History Functions, Prev: Introduction to History, Up: Programming with GNU History
@ -226,139 +268,290 @@ File: history.info, Node: History Storage, Next: History Functions, Prev: Int
History Storage
===============
The history list is an array of history entries. A history entry is
declared as follows:
typedef struct _hist_entry {
char *line;
char *data;
} HIST_ENTRY;
The history list itself might therefore be declared as
HIST_ENTRY **the_history_list;
The state of the History library is encapsulated into a single
structure:
/* A structure used to pass the current state of the history stuff around. */
typedef struct _hist_state {
HIST_ENTRY **entries; /* Pointer to the entries themselves. */
int offset; /* The location pointer within this array. */
int length; /* Number of elements within this array. */
int size; /* Number of slots allocated to this array. */
int flags;
} HISTORY_STATE;
If the flags member includes `HS_STIFLED', the history has been
stifled.

File: history.info, Node: History Functions, Next: History Variables, Prev: History Storage, Up: Programming with GNU History
History Functions
=================
This section describes the calling sequence for the various
functions present in GNU History.
This section describes the calling sequence for the various functions
present in GNU History.
* Function: void using_history ()
Begin a session in which the history functions might be used.
This just initializes the interactive variables.
* Menu:
* Function: void add_history (CHAR *STRING)
* Initializing History and State Management:: Functions to call when you
want to use history in a
program.
* History List Management:: Functions used to manage the list
of history entries.
* Information About the History List:: Functions returning information about
the history list.
* Moving Around the History List:: Functions used to change the position
in the history list.
* Searching the History List:: Functions to search the history list
for entries containing a string.
* Managing the History File:: Functions that read and write a file
containing the history list.
* History Expansion:: Functions to perform csh-like history
expansion.

File: history.info, Node: Initializing History and State Management, Next: History List Management, Up: History Functions
Initializing History and State Management
-----------------------------------------
This section describes functions used to initialize and manage the
state of the History library when you want to use the history functions
in your program.
- Function: void using_history ()
Begin a session in which the history functions might be used. This
initializes the interactive variables.
- Function: HISTORY_STATE * history_get_history_state ()
Return a structure describing the current state of the input
history.
- Function: void history_set_history_state (HISTORY_STATE *state)
Set the state of the history list according to STATE.

File: history.info, Node: History List Management, Next: Information About the History List, Prev: Initializing History and State Management, Up: History Functions
History List Management
-----------------------
These functions manage individual entries on the history list, or set
parameters managing the list itself.
- Function: void add_history (char *string)
Place STRING at the end of the history list. The associated data
field (if any) is set to `NULL'.
* Function: int where_history ()
Returns the number which says what history element we are now
looking at.
* Function: int history_set_pos (INT POS)
Set the position in the history list to POS.
* Function: int history_search_pos (CHAR *STRING, INT DIRECTION, INT
POS)
Search for STRING in the history list, starting at POS, an
absolute index into the list. DIRECTION, if negative, says to
search backwards from POS, else forwards. Returns the absolute
index of the history element where STRING was found, or -1
otherwise.
* Function: HIST_ENTRY *remove_history ();
Remove history element WHICH from the history. The removed
element is returned to you so you can free the line, data, and
- Function: HIST_ENTRY * remove_history (int which)
Remove history entry at offset WHICH from the history. The
removed element is returned so you can free the line, data, and
containing structure.
* Function: void stifle_history (INT MAX)
Stifle the history list, remembering only MAX number of entries.
- Function: HIST_ENTRY * replace_history_entry (int which, char *line,
char *data)
Make the history entry at offset WHICH have LINE and DATA. This
returns the old entry so you can dispose of the data. In the case
of an invalid WHICH, a `NULL' pointer is returned.
* Function: int unstifle_history ();
- Function: void clear_history ()
Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.
- Function: void stifle_history (int max)
Stifle the history list, remembering only the last MAX entries.
- Function: int unstifle_history ()
Stop stifling the history. This returns the previous amount the
history was stifled by. The value is positive if the history was
history was stifled. The value is positive if the history was
stifled, negative if it wasn't.
* Function: int read_history (CHAR *FILENAME)
Add the contents of FILENAME to the history list, a line at a
time. If FILENAME is `NULL', then read from `~/.history'.
Returns 0 if successful, or errno if not.
- Function: int history_is_stifled ()
Returns non-zero if the history is stifled, zero if it is not.
* Function: int read_history_range (CHAR *FILENAME, INT FROM, INT TO)
Read a range of lines from FILENAME, adding them to the history
list. Start reading at the FROM'th line and end at the TO'th. If
FROM is zero, start at the beginning. If TO is less than FROM,
then read until the end of the file. If FILENAME is `NULL', then
read from `~/.history'. Returns 0 if successful, or `errno' if
not.

File: history.info, Node: Information About the History List, Next: Moving Around the History List, Prev: History List Management, Up: History Functions
* Function: int write_history (CHAR *FILENAME)
Append the current history to FILENAME. If FILENAME is `NULL',
then append the history list to `~/.history'. Values returned
are as in `read_history ()'.
Information About the History List
----------------------------------
* Function: int append_history (INT NELEMENTS, CHAR *FILENAME)
Append NELEMENT entries to FILENAME. The entries appended are
from the end of the list minus NELEMENTS up to the end of the
list.
These functions return information about the entire history list or
individual list entries.
* Function: HIST_ENTRY *replace_history_entry ()
Make the history entry at WHICH have LINE and DATA. This returns
the old entry so you can dispose of the data. In the case of an
invalid WHICH, a `NULL' pointer is returned.
- Function: HIST_ENTRY ** history_list ()
Return a `NULL' terminated array of `HIST_ENTRY' which is the
current input history. Element 0 of this list is the beginning of
time. If there is no history, return `NULL'.
* Function: HIST_ENTRY *current_history ()
- Function: int where_history ()
Returns the offset of the current history element.
- Function: HIST_ENTRY * current_history ()
Return the history entry at the current position, as determined by
`history_offset'. If there is no entry there, return a `NULL'
`where_history ()'. If there is no entry there, return a `NULL'
pointer.
* Function: HIST_ENTRY *previous_history ()
Back up HISTORY_OFFSET to the previous history entry, and return a
pointer to that entry. If there is no previous entry, return a
`NULL' pointer.
- Function: HIST_ENTRY * history_get (int offset)
Return the history entry at position OFFSET, starting from
`history_base'. If there is no entry there, or if OFFSET is
greater than the history length, return a `NULL' pointer.
* Function: HIST_ENTRY *next_history ()
Move `history_offset' forward to the next history entry, and
return the a pointer to that entry. If there is no next entry,
return a `NULL' pointer.
- Function: int history_total_bytes ()
Return the number of bytes that the primary history entries are
using. This function returns the sum of the lengths of all the
lines in the history.
* Function: HIST_ENTRY **history_list ()
Return a `NULL' terminated array of `HIST_ENTRY' which is the
current input history. Element 0 of this list is the beginning
of time. If there is no history, return `NULL'.

File: history.info, Node: Moving Around the History List, Next: Searching the History List, Prev: Information About the History List, Up: History Functions
* Function: int history_search (CHAR *STRING, INT DIRECTION)
Search the history for STRING, starting at `history_offset'. If
DIRECTION < 0, then the search is through previous entries, else
through subsequent. If STRING is found, then `current_history
()' is the history entry, and the value of this function is the
offset in the line of that history entry that the STRING was
found in. Otherwise, nothing is changed, and a -1 is returned.
Moving Around the History List
------------------------------
* Function: int history_expand (CHAR *STRING, CHAR **OUTPUT)
These functions allow the current index into the history list to be
set or changed.
- Function: int history_set_pos (int pos)
Set the position in the history list to POS, an absolute index
into the list.
- Function: HIST_ENTRY * previous_history ()
Back up the current history offset to the previous history entry,
and return a pointer to that entry. If there is no previous
entry, return a `NULL' pointer.
- Function: HIST_ENTRY * next_history ()
Move the current history offset forward to the next history entry,
and return the a pointer to that entry. If there is no next
entry, return a `NULL' pointer.

File: history.info, Node: Searching the History List, Next: Managing the History File, Prev: Moving Around the History List, Up: History Functions
Searching the History List
--------------------------
These functions allow searching of the history list for entries
containing a specific string. Searching may be performed both forward
and backward from the current history position. The search may be
"anchored", meaning that the string must match at the beginning of the
history entry.
- Function: int history_search (char *string, int direction)
Search the history for STRING, starting at the current history
offset. If DIRECTION < 0, then the search is through previous
entries, else through subsequent. If STRING is found, then the
current history index is set to that history entry, and the value
returned is the offset in the line of the entry where STRING was
found. Otherwise, nothing is changed, and a -1 is returned.
- Function: int history_search_prefix (char *string, int direction)
Search the history for STRING, starting at the current history
offset. The search is anchored: matching lines must begin with
STRING. If DIRECTION < 0, then the search is through previous
entries, else through subsequent. If STRING is found, then the
current history index is set to that entry, and the return value
is 0. Otherwise, nothing is changed, and a -1 is returned.
- Function: int history_search_pos (char *string, int direction, int
pos)
Search for STRING in the history list, starting at POS, an
absolute index into the list. If DIRECTION is negative, the search
proceeds backward from POS, otherwise forward. Returns the
absolute index of the history element where STRING was found, or
-1 otherwise.

File: history.info, Node: Managing the History File, Next: History Expansion, Prev: Searching the History List, Up: History Functions
Managing the History File
-------------------------
The History library can read the history from and write it to a file.
This section documents the functions for managing a history file.
- Function: int read_history (char *filename)
Add the contents of FILENAME to the history list, a line at a
time. If FILENAME is `NULL', then read from `~/.history'.
Returns 0 if successful, or errno if not.
- Function: int read_history_range (char *filename, int from, int to)
Read a range of lines from FILENAME, adding them to the history
list. Start reading at line FROM and end at TO. If FROM is zero,
start at the beginning. If TO is less than FROM, then read until
the end of the file. If FILENAME is `NULL', then read from
`~/.history'. Returns 0 if successful, or `errno' if not.
- Function: int write_history (char *filename)
Write the current history to FILENAME, overwriting FILENAME if
necessary. If FILENAME is `NULL', then write the history list to
`~/.history'. Values returned are as in `read_history ()'.
- Function: int append_history (int nelements, char *filename)
Append the last NELEMENTS of the history list to FILENAME.
- Function: int history_truncate_file (char *filename, int nlines)
Truncate the history file FILENAME, leaving only the last NLINES
lines.

File: history.info, Node: History Expansion, Prev: Managing the History File, Up: History Functions
History Expansion
-----------------
These functions implement `csh'-like history expansion.
- Function: int history_expand (char *string, char **output)
Expand STRING, placing the result into OUTPUT, a pointer to a
string. Returns:
string (*note History Interaction::.). Returns:
`0'
If no expansions took place (or, if the only change in the
text was the de-slashifying of the history expansion
character),
character);
`1'
if expansions did take place, or
if expansions did take place;
`-1'
if there was an error in expansion.
if there was an error in expansion;
If an error ocurred in expansion, then OUTPUT contains a
`2'
if the returned line should only be displayed, but not
executed, as with the `:p' modifier (*note Modifiers::.).
If an error ocurred in expansion, then OUTPUT contains a
descriptive error message.
* Function: char *history_arg_extract (INT FIRST, INT LAST, CHAR
*STRING)
- Function: char * history_arg_extract (int first, int last, char
*string)
Extract a string segment consisting of the FIRST through LAST
arguments present in STRING. Arguments are broken up as in the
GNU Bash shell.
arguments present in STRING. Arguments are broken up as in Bash.
* Function: int history_total_bytes ();
Return the number of bytes that the primary history entries are
using. This just adds up the lengths of `the_history->lines'.
- Function: char * get_history_event (char *string, int *cindex, int
qchar)
Returns the text of the history event beginning at STRING +
*CINDEX. *CINDEX is modified to point to after the event
specifier. At function entry, CINDEX points to the index into
STRING where the history event specification begins. QCHAR is a
character that is allowed to end the event specification in
addition to the "normal" terminating characters.
- Function: char ** history_tokenize (char *string)
Return an array of tokens parsed out of STRING, much as the shell
might. The tokens are split on white space and on the characters
`()<>;&|$', and shell quoting conventions are obeyed.

File: history.info, Node: History Variables, Next: History Programming Example, Prev: History Functions, Up: Programming with GNU History
@ -366,12 +559,54 @@ File: history.info, Node: History Variables, Next: History Programming Example
History Variables
=================
This section describes the variables in GNU History that are
externally visible.
This section describes the externally visible variables exported by
the GNU History Library.
* Variable: int history_base
For convenience only. You set this when interpreting history
commands. It is the logical offset of the first history element.
- Variable: int history_base
The logical offset of the first entry in the history list.
- Variable: int history_length
The number of entries currently stored in the history list.
- Variable: int max_input_history
The maximum number of history entries. This must be changed using
`stifle_history ()'.
- Variable: char history_expansion_char
The character that starts a history event. The default is `!'.
- Variable: char history_subst_char
The character that invokes word substitution if found at the start
of a line. The default is `^'.
- Variable: char history_comment_char
During tokenization, if this character is seen as the first
character of a word, then it and all subsequent characters up to a
newline are ignored, suppressing history expansion for the
remainder of the line. This is disabled by default.
- Variable: char * history_no_expand_chars
The list of characters which inhibit history expansion if found
immediately following HISTORY_EXPANSION_CHAR. The default is
whitespace and `='.
- Variable: char * history_search_delimiter_chars
The list of additional characters which can delimit a history
search string, in addition to whitespace, `:' and `?' in the case
of a substring search. The default is empty.
- Variable: int history_quotes_inhibit_expansion
If non-zero, single-quoted words are not scanned for the history
expansion character. The default value is 0.
- Variable: Function * history_inhibit_expansion_function
This should be set to the address of a function that takes two
arguments: a `char *' (STRING) and an integer index into that
string (I). It should return a non-zero value if the history
expansion starting at STRING[I] should not be performed; zero if
the expansion should be done. It is intended for use by
applications like Bash that use the history expansion character
for additional purposes. By default, this variable is set to NULL.

File: history.info, Node: History Programming Example, Prev: History Variables, Up: Programming with GNU History
@ -379,20 +614,28 @@ File: history.info, Node: History Programming Example, Prev: History Variables
History Programming Example
===========================
The following snippet of code demonstrates simple use of the GNU
History Library.
The following program demonstrates simple use of the GNU History
Library.
main ()
{
char line[1024], *t;
int done = 0;
int len, done = 0;
line[0] = 0;
using_history ();
while (!done)
{
fprintf (stdout, "history%% ");
t = gets (line);
printf ("history$ ");
fflush (stdout);
t = fgets (line, sizeof (line) - 1, stdin);
if (t && *t)
{
len = strlen (t);
if (t[len - 1] == '\n')
t[len - 1] = '\0';
}
if (!t)
strcpy (line, "quit");
@ -402,37 +645,41 @@ History Library.
char *expansion;
int result;
using_history ();
result = history_expand (line, &expansion);
strcpy (line, expansion);
free (expansion);
if (result)
fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", line);
fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", expansion);
if (result < 0)
continue;
if (result < 0 || result == 2)
{
free (expansion);
continue;
}
add_history (line);
add_history (expansion);
strncpy (line, expansion, sizeof (line) - 1);
free (expansion);
}
if (strcmp (line, "quit") == 0) done = 1;
if (strcmp (line, "save") == 0) write_history (0);
if (strcmp (line, "read") == 0) read_history (0);
if (strcmp (line, "list") == 0)
if (strcmp (line, "quit") == 0)
done = 1;
else if (strcmp (line, "save") == 0)
write_history ("history_file");
else if (strcmp (line, "read") == 0)
read_history ("history_file");
else if (strcmp (line, "list") == 0)
{
register HIST_ENTRY **the_list = history_list ();
register HIST_ENTRY **the_list;
register int i;
the_list = history_list ();
if (the_list)
for (i = 0; the_list[i]; i++)
fprintf (stdout, "%d: %s\n",
i + history_base, the_list[i]->line);
printf ("%d: %s\n", i + history_base, the_list[i]->line);
}
if (strncmp (line, "delete", strlen ("delete")) == 0)
else if (strncmp (line, "delete", 6) == 0)
{
int which;
if ((sscanf (line + strlen ("delete"), "%d", &which)) == 1)
if ((sscanf (line + 6, "%d", &which)) == 1)
{
HIST_ENTRY *entry = remove_history (which);
if (!entry)
@ -459,8 +706,11 @@ Concept Index
* Menu:
* event designators: Event Designators.
* expansion: History Interaction.
* anchored search: Searching the History List.
* event designators: Event Designators.
* history events: Event Designators.
* history expansion: History Interaction.
* History Searching: Searching the History List.

File: history.info, Node: Function and Variable Index, Prev: Concept Index, Up: Top
@ -470,45 +720,70 @@ Function and Variable Index
* Menu:
* HIST_ENTRY **history_list: History Functions.
* HIST_ENTRY *current_history: History Functions.
* HIST_ENTRY *next_history: History Functions.
* HIST_ENTRY *previous_history: History Functions.
* HIST_ENTRY *remove_history: History Functions.
* HIST_ENTRY *replace_history_entry: History Functions.
* char *history_arg_extract: History Functions.
* int append_history: History Functions.
* int history_base: History Variables.
* int history_expand: History Functions.
* int history_search: History Functions.
* int history_search_pos: History Functions.
* int history_set_pos: History Functions.
* int history_total_bytes: History Functions.
* int read_history: History Functions.
* int read_history_range: History Functions.
* int unstifle_history: History Functions.
* int where_history: History Functions.
* int write_history: History Functions.
* void add_history: History Functions.
* void stifle_history: History Functions.
* void using_history: History Functions.
* add_history: History List Management.
* append_history: Managing the History File.
* clear_history: History List Management.
* current_history: Information About the History List.
* get_history_event: History Expansion.
* history_arg_extract: History Expansion.
* history_base: History Variables.
* history_comment_char: History Variables.
* history_expand: History Expansion.
* history_expansion_char: History Variables.
* history_get: Information About the History List.
* history_get_history_state: Initializing History and State Management.
* history_inhibit_expansion_function: History Variables.
* history_is_stifled: History List Management.
* history_length: History Variables.
* history_list: Information About the History List.
* history_no_expand_chars: History Variables.
* history_quotes_inhibit_expansion: History Variables.
* history_search: Searching the History List.
* history_search_delimiter_chars: History Variables.
* history_search_pos: Searching the History List.
* history_search_prefix: Searching the History List.
* history_set_history_state: Initializing History and State Management.
* history_set_pos: Moving Around the History List.
* history_subst_char: History Variables.
* history_tokenize: History Expansion.
* history_total_bytes: Information About the History List.
* history_truncate_file: Managing the History File.
* max_input_history: History Variables.
* next_history: Moving Around the History List.
* previous_history: Moving Around the History List.
* read_history: Managing the History File.
* read_history_range: Managing the History File.
* remove_history: History List Management.
* replace_history_entry: History List Management.
* stifle_history: History List Management.
* unstifle_history: History List Management.
* using_history: Initializing History and State Management.
* where_history: Information About the History List.
* write_history: Managing the History File.

Tag Table:
Node: Top973
Node: Using History Interactively1567
Node: History Interaction2075
Node: Event Designators3127
Node: Word Designators3770
Node: Modifiers4676
Node: Programming with GNU History5425
Node: Introduction to History6152
Node: History Storage7502
Node: History Functions7766
Node: History Variables13063
Node: History Programming Example13499
Node: Concept Index15744
Node: Function and Variable Index16030
Node: Top1167
Node: Using History Interactively1747
Node: History Interaction2255
Node: Event Designators3674
Node: Word Designators4601
Node: Modifiers5850
Node: Programming with GNU History6988
Node: Introduction to History7714
Node: History Storage9035
Node: History Functions10128
Node: Initializing History and State Management11099
Node: History List Management11891
Node: Information About the History List13412
Node: Moving Around the History List14718
Node: Searching the History List15603
Node: Managing the History File17435
Node: History Expansion18941
Node: History Variables20785
Node: History Programming Example23103
Node: Concept Index25707
Node: Function and Variable Index26193

End Tag Table

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@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<!-- This HTML file has been created by texi2html 1.51
from /usr/homes/chet/src/bash/readline-2.2/doc/hist.texinfo on 2 April 1998 -->
<TITLE>GNU History Library - Table of Contents</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1>GNU History Library</H1>
<H2>Edition 2.1, for <CODE>History Library</CODE> Version 2.1.</H2>
<H2>March 1996</H2>
<ADDRESS>Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation</ADDRESS>
<ADDRESS>Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University</ADDRESS>
<P>
<P><HR><P>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC1" HREF="history.html#SEC1">Using History Interactively</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC2" HREF="history.html#SEC2">History Expansion</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC3" HREF="history.html#SEC3">Event Designators</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC4" HREF="history.html#SEC4">Word Designators</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC5" HREF="history.html#SEC5">Modifiers</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC6" HREF="history.html#SEC6">Programming with GNU History</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC7" HREF="history.html#SEC7">Introduction to History</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC8" HREF="history.html#SEC8">History Storage</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC9" HREF="history.html#SEC9">History Functions</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC10" HREF="history.html#SEC10">Initializing History and State Management</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC11" HREF="history.html#SEC11">History List Management</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC12" HREF="history.html#SEC12">Information About the History List</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC13" HREF="history.html#SEC13">Moving Around the History List</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC14" HREF="history.html#SEC14">Searching the History List</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC15" HREF="history.html#SEC15">Managing the History File</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC16" HREF="history.html#SEC16">History Expansion</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC17" HREF="history.html#SEC17">History Variables</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC18" HREF="history.html#SEC18">History Programming Example</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC19" HREF="history.html#SEC19">Concept Index</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC20" HREF="history.html#SEC20">Function and Variable Index</A>
</UL>
<P><HR><P>
This document was generated on 2 April 1998 using the
<A HREF="http://wwwcn.cern.ch/dci/texi2html/">texi2html</A>
translator version 1.51.</P>
</BODY>
</HTML>

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@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
@ignore
This file documents the user interface to the GNU History library.
Copyright (C) 1988, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Authored by Brian Fox.
Copyright (C) 1988, 1991, 1994, 1996 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Authored by Brian Fox and Chet Ramey.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual
provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on
@ -26,8 +26,9 @@ into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.
@node Programming with GNU History
@chapter Programming with GNU History
This chapter describes how to interface the GNU History Library with
programs that you write. It should be considered a technical guide.
This chapter describes how to interface programs that you write
with the GNU History Library.
It should be considered a technical guide.
For information on the interactive use of GNU History, @pxref{Using
History Interactively}.
@ -42,32 +43,35 @@ History Interactively}.
@node Introduction to History
@section Introduction to History
Many programs read input from the user a line at a time. The GNU history
Many programs read input from the user a line at a time. The GNU History
library is able to keep track of those lines, associate arbitrary data with
each line, and utilize information from previous lines in making up new
each line, and utilize information from previous lines in composing new
ones.
The programmer using the History library has available to him functions
for remembering lines on a history stack, associating arbitrary data
with a line, removing lines from the stack, searching through the stack
The programmer using the History library has available functions
for remembering lines on a history list, associating arbitrary data
with a line, removing lines from the list, searching through the list
for a line containing an arbitrary text string, and referencing any line
on the stack directly. In addition, a history @dfn{expansion} function
is available which provides for a consistent user interface across many
in the list directly. In addition, a history @dfn{expansion} function
is available which provides for a consistent user interface across
different programs.
The end-user using programs written with the History library has the
benifit of a consistent user interface, with a set of well-known
The user using programs written with the History library has the
benefit of a consistent user interface with a set of well-known
commands for manipulating the text of previous lines and using that text
in new commands. The basic history manipulation commands are similar to
the history substitution used by @code{Csh}.
the history substitution provided by @code{csh}.
If the programmer desires, he can use the Readline library, which
includes some history manipulation by default, and has the added
advantage of Emacs style command line editing.
advantage of command line editing.
@node History Storage
@section History Storage
The history list is an array of history entries. A history entry is
declared as follows:
@example
typedef struct _hist_entry @{
char *line;
@ -75,179 +79,378 @@ typedef struct _hist_entry @{
@} HIST_ENTRY;
@end example
The history list itself might therefore be declared as
@example
HIST_ENTRY **the_history_list;
@end example
The state of the History library is encapsulated into a single structure:
@example
/* A structure used to pass the current state of the history stuff around. */
typedef struct _hist_state @{
HIST_ENTRY **entries; /* Pointer to the entries themselves. */
int offset; /* The location pointer within this array. */
int length; /* Number of elements within this array. */
int size; /* Number of slots allocated to this array. */
int flags;
@} HISTORY_STATE;
@end example
If the flags member includes @code{HS_STIFLED}, the history has been
stifled.
@node History Functions
@section History Functions
This section describes the calling sequence for the various functions
present in GNU History.
@defun {void using_history} ()
Begin a session in which the history functions might be used. This
just initializes the interactive variables.
@end defun
@menu
* Initializing History and State Management:: Functions to call when you
want to use history in a
program.
* History List Management:: Functions used to manage the list
of history entries.
* Information About the History List:: Functions returning information about
the history list.
* Moving Around the History List:: Functions used to change the position
in the history list.
* Searching the History List:: Functions to search the history list
for entries containing a string.
* Managing the History File:: Functions that read and write a file
containing the history list.
* History Expansion:: Functions to perform csh-like history
expansion.
@end menu
@defun {void add_history} (char *string)
@node Initializing History and State Management
@subsection Initializing History and State Management
This section describes functions used to initialize and manage
the state of the History library when you want to use the history
functions in your program.
@deftypefun void using_history ()
Begin a session in which the history functions might be used. This
initializes the interactive variables.
@end deftypefun
@deftypefun {HISTORY_STATE *} history_get_history_state ()
Return a structure describing the current state of the input history.
@end deftypefun
@deftypefun void history_set_history_state (HISTORY_STATE *state)
Set the state of the history list according to @var{state}.
@end deftypefun
@node History List Management
@subsection History List Management
These functions manage individual entries on the history list, or set
parameters managing the list itself.
@deftypefun void add_history (char *string)
Place @var{string} at the end of the history list. The associated data
field (if any) is set to @code{NULL}.
@end defun
@end deftypefun
@defun {int where_history} ()
Returns the number which says what history element we are now looking
at.
@end defun
@defun {int history_set_pos} (int pos)
Set the position in the history list to @var{pos}.
@end defun
@defun {int history_search_pos} (char *string, int direction, int pos)
Search for @var{string} in the history list, starting at @var{pos}, an
absolute index into the list. @var{direction}, if negative, says to search
backwards from @var{pos}, else forwards. Returns the absolute index of
the history element where @var{string} was found, or -1 otherwise.
@end defun
@defun {HIST_ENTRY *remove_history} ();
Remove history element @var{which} from the history. The removed
element is returned to you so you can free the line, data,
@deftypefun {HIST_ENTRY *} remove_history (int which)
Remove history entry at offset @var{which} from the history. The
removed element is returned so you can free the line, data,
and containing structure.
@end defun
@end deftypefun
@defun {void stifle_history} (int max)
Stifle the history list, remembering only @var{max} number of entries.
@end defun
@deftypefun {HIST_ENTRY *} replace_history_entry (int which, char *line, char *data)
Make the history entry at offset @var{which} have @var{line} and @var{data}.
This returns the old entry so you can dispose of the data. In the case
of an invalid @var{which}, a @code{NULL} pointer is returned.
@end deftypefun
@defun {int unstifle_history} ();
@deftypefun void clear_history ()
Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.
@end deftypefun
@deftypefun void stifle_history (int max)
Stifle the history list, remembering only the last @var{max} entries.
@end deftypefun
@deftypefun int unstifle_history ()
Stop stifling the history. This returns the previous amount the
history was stifled by. The value is positive if the history was
history was stifled. The value is positive if the history was
stifled, negative if it wasn't.
@end defun
@end deftypefun
@defun {int read_history} (char *filename)
@deftypefun int history_is_stifled ()
Returns non-zero if the history is stifled, zero if it is not.
@end deftypefun
@node Information About the History List
@subsection Information About the History List
These functions return information about the entire history list or
individual list entries.
@deftypefun {HIST_ENTRY **} history_list ()
Return a @code{NULL} terminated array of @code{HIST_ENTRY} which is the
current input history. Element 0 of this list is the beginning of time.
If there is no history, return @code{NULL}.
@end deftypefun
@deftypefun int where_history ()
Returns the offset of the current history element.
@end deftypefun
@deftypefun {HIST_ENTRY *} current_history ()
Return the history entry at the current position, as determined by
@code{where_history ()}. If there is no entry there, return a @code{NULL}
pointer.
@end deftypefun
@deftypefun {HIST_ENTRY *} history_get (int offset)
Return the history entry at position @var{offset}, starting from
@code{history_base}. If there is no entry there, or if @var{offset}
is greater than the history length, return a @code{NULL} pointer.
@end deftypefun
@deftypefun int history_total_bytes ()
Return the number of bytes that the primary history entries are using.
This function returns the sum of the lengths of all the lines in the
history.
@end deftypefun
@node Moving Around the History List
@subsection Moving Around the History List
These functions allow the current index into the history list to be
set or changed.
@deftypefun int history_set_pos (int pos)
Set the position in the history list to @var{pos}, an absolute index
into the list.
@end deftypefun
@deftypefun {HIST_ENTRY *} previous_history ()
Back up the current history offset to the previous history entry, and
return a pointer to that entry. If there is no previous entry, return
a @code{NULL} pointer.
@end deftypefun
@deftypefun {HIST_ENTRY *} next_history ()
Move the current history offset forward to the next history entry, and
return the a pointer to that entry. If there is no next entry, return
a @code{NULL} pointer.
@end deftypefun
@node Searching the History List
@subsection Searching the History List
@cindex History Searching
These functions allow searching of the history list for entries containing
a specific string. Searching may be performed both forward and backward
from the current history position. The search may be @dfn{anchored},
meaning that the string must match at the beginning of the history entry.
@cindex anchored search
@deftypefun int history_search (char *string, int direction)
Search the history for @var{string}, starting at the current history
offset. If @var{direction} < 0, then the search is through previous entries,
else through subsequent. If @var{string} is found, then
the current history index is set to that history entry, and the value
returned is the offset in the line of the entry where
@var{string} was found. Otherwise, nothing is changed, and a -1 is
returned.
@end deftypefun
@deftypefun int history_search_prefix (char *string, int direction)
Search the history for @var{string}, starting at the current history
offset. The search is anchored: matching lines must begin with
@var{string}. If @var{direction} < 0, then the search is through previous
entries, else through subsequent. If @var{string} is found, then the
current history index is set to that entry, and the return value is 0.
Otherwise, nothing is changed, and a -1 is returned.
@end deftypefun
@deftypefun int history_search_pos (char *string, int direction, int pos)
Search for @var{string} in the history list, starting at @var{pos}, an
absolute index into the list. If @var{direction} is negative, the search
proceeds backward from @var{pos}, otherwise forward. Returns the absolute
index of the history element where @var{string} was found, or -1 otherwise.
@end deftypefun
@node Managing the History File
@subsection Managing the History File
The History library can read the history from and write it to a file.
This section documents the functions for managing a history file.
@deftypefun int read_history (char *filename)
Add the contents of @var{filename} to the history list, a line at a
time. If @var{filename} is @code{NULL}, then read from
@file{~/.history}. Returns 0 if successful, or errno if not.
@end defun
@end deftypefun
@defun {int read_history_range} (char *filename, int from, int to)
@deftypefun int read_history_range (char *filename, int from, int to)
Read a range of lines from @var{filename}, adding them to the history list.
Start reading at the @var{from}'th line and end at the @var{to}'th. If
Start reading at line @var{from} and end at @var{to}. If
@var{from} is zero, start at the beginning. If @var{to} is less than
@var{from}, then read until the end of the file. If @var{filename} is
@code{NULL}, then read from @file{~/.history}. Returns 0 if successful,
or @code{errno} if not.
@end defun
@end deftypefun
@defun {int write_history} (char *filename)
Append the current history to @var{filename}. If @var{filename} is
@code{NULL}, then append the history list to @file{~/.history}. Values
@deftypefun int write_history (char *filename)
Write the current history to @var{filename}, overwriting @var{filename}
if necessary. If @var{filename} is
@code{NULL}, then write the history list to @file{~/.history}. Values
returned are as in @code{read_history ()}.
@end defun
@end deftypefun
@defun {int append_history} (int nelements, char *filename)
Append @var{nelement} entries to @var{filename}. The entries appended
are from the end of the list minus @var{nelements} up to the end of the
list.
@end defun
@deftypefun int append_history (int nelements, char *filename)
Append the last @var{nelements} of the history list to @var{filename}.
@end deftypefun
@defun {HIST_ENTRY *replace_history_entry} ()
Make the history entry at @var{which} have @var{line} and @var{data}.
This returns the old entry so you can dispose of the data. In the case
of an invalid @var{which}, a @code{NULL} pointer is returned.
@end defun
@deftypefun int history_truncate_file (char *filename, int nlines)
Truncate the history file @var{filename}, leaving only the last
@var{nlines} lines.
@end deftypefun
@defun {HIST_ENTRY *current_history} ()
Return the history entry at the current position, as determined by
@code{history_offset}. If there is no entry there, return a @code{NULL}
pointer.
@end defun
@node History Expansion
@subsection History Expansion
@defun {HIST_ENTRY *previous_history} ()
Back up @var{history_offset} to the previous history entry, and return a
pointer to that entry. If there is no previous entry, return a
@code{NULL} pointer.
@end defun
These functions implement @code{csh}-like history expansion.
@defun {HIST_ENTRY *next_history} ()
Move @code{history_offset} forward to the next history entry, and return
the a pointer to that entry. If there is no next entry, return a
@code{NULL} pointer.
@end defun
@defun {HIST_ENTRY **history_list} ()
Return a @code{NULL} terminated array of @code{HIST_ENTRY} which is the
current input history. Element 0 of this list is the beginning of time.
If there is no history, return @code{NULL}.
@end defun
@defun {int history_search} (char *string, int direction)
Search the history for @var{string}, starting at @code{history_offset}.
If @var{direction} < 0, then the search is through previous entries,
else through subsequent. If @var{string} is found, then
@code{current_history ()} is the history entry, and the value of this
function is the offset in the line of that history entry that the
@var{string} was found in. Otherwise, nothing is changed, and a -1 is
returned.
@end defun
@defun {int history_expand} (char *string, char **output)
@deftypefun int history_expand (char *string, char **output)
Expand @var{string}, placing the result into @var{output}, a pointer
to a string. Returns:
to a string (@pxref{History Interaction}). Returns:
@table @code
@item 0
If no expansions took place (or, if the only change in
the text was the de-slashifying of the history expansion
character),
character);
@item 1
if expansions did take place, or
if expansions did take place;
@item -1
if there was an error in expansion.
if there was an error in expansion;
@item 2
if the returned line should only be displayed, but not executed,
as with the @code{:p} modifier (@pxref{Modifiers}).
@end table
If an error ocurred in expansion, then @var{output} contains a descriptive
error message.
@end defun
@end deftypefun
@defun {char *history_arg_extract} (int first, int last, char *string)
@deftypefun {char *} history_arg_extract (int first, int last, char *string)
Extract a string segment consisting of the @var{first} through @var{last}
arguments present in @var{string}. Arguments are broken up as in
the GNU Bash shell.
@end defun
arguments present in @var{string}. Arguments are broken up as in Bash.
@end deftypefun
@defun {int history_total_bytes} ();
Return the number of bytes that the primary history entries are using.
This just adds up the lengths of @code{the_history->lines}.
@end defun
@deftypefun {char *} get_history_event (char *string, int *cindex, int qchar)
Returns the text of the history event beginning at @var{string} +
@var{*cindex}. @var{*cindex} is modified to point to after the event
specifier. At function entry, @var{cindex} points to the index into
@var{string} where the history event specification begins. @var{qchar}
is a character that is allowed to end the event specification in addition
to the ``normal'' terminating characters.
@end deftypefun
@deftypefun {char **} history_tokenize (char *string)
Return an array of tokens parsed out of @var{string}, much as the
shell might. The tokens are split on white space and on the
characters @code{()<>;&|$}, and shell quoting conventions are
obeyed.
@end deftypefun
@node History Variables
@section History Variables
This section describes the variables in GNU History that are externally
visible.
This section describes the externally visible variables exported by
the GNU History Library.
@defvar {int history_base}
For convenience only. You set this when interpreting history commands.
It is the logical offset of the first history element.
@end defvar
@deftypevar int history_base
The logical offset of the first entry in the history list.
@end deftypevar
@deftypevar int history_length
The number of entries currently stored in the history list.
@end deftypevar
@deftypevar int max_input_history
The maximum number of history entries. This must be changed using
@code{stifle_history ()}.
@end deftypevar
@deftypevar char history_expansion_char
The character that starts a history event. The default is @samp{!}.
@end deftypevar
@deftypevar char history_subst_char
The character that invokes word substitution if found at the start of
a line. The default is @samp{^}.
@end deftypevar
@deftypevar char history_comment_char
During tokenization, if this character is seen as the first character
of a word, then it and all subsequent characters up to a newline are
ignored, suppressing history expansion for the remainder of the line.
This is disabled by default.
@end deftypevar
@deftypevar {char *} history_no_expand_chars
The list of characters which inhibit history expansion if found immediately
following @var{history_expansion_char}. The default is whitespace and
@samp{=}.
@end deftypevar
@deftypevar {char *} history_search_delimiter_chars
The list of additional characters which can delimit a history search
string, in addition to whitespace, @samp{:} and @samp{?} in the case of
a substring search. The default is empty.
@end deftypevar
@deftypevar int history_quotes_inhibit_expansion
If non-zero, single-quoted words are not scanned for the history expansion
character. The default value is 0.
@end deftypevar
@deftypevar {Function *} history_inhibit_expansion_function
This should be set to the address of a function that takes two arguments:
a @code{char *} (@var{string}) and an integer index into that string (@var{i}).
It should return a non-zero value if the history expansion starting at
@var{string[i]} should not be performed; zero if the expansion should
be done.
It is intended for use by applications like Bash that use the history
expansion character for additional purposes.
By default, this variable is set to NULL.
@end deftypevar
@node History Programming Example
@section History Programming Example
The following snippet of code demonstrates simple use of the GNU History
Library.
The following program demonstrates simple use of the GNU History Library.
@smallexample
main ()
@{
char line[1024], *t;
int done = 0;
int len, done = 0;
line[0] = 0;
using_history ();
while (!done)
@{
fprintf (stdout, "history%% ");
t = gets (line);
printf ("history$ ");
fflush (stdout);
t = fgets (line, sizeof (line) - 1, stdin);
if (t && *t)
@{
len = strlen (t);
if (t[len - 1] == '\n')
t[len - 1] = '\0';
@}
if (!t)
strcpy (line, "quit");
@ -257,37 +460,41 @@ main ()
char *expansion;
int result;
using_history ();
result = history_expand (line, &expansion);
strcpy (line, expansion);
free (expansion);
if (result)
fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", line);
fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", expansion);
if (result < 0)
continue;
if (result < 0 || result == 2)
@{
free (expansion);
continue;
@}
add_history (line);
add_history (expansion);
strncpy (line, expansion, sizeof (line) - 1);
free (expansion);
@}
if (strcmp (line, "quit") == 0) done = 1;
if (strcmp (line, "save") == 0) write_history (0);
if (strcmp (line, "read") == 0) read_history (0);
if (strcmp (line, "list") == 0)
if (strcmp (line, "quit") == 0)
done = 1;
else if (strcmp (line, "save") == 0)
write_history ("history_file");
else if (strcmp (line, "read") == 0)
read_history ("history_file");
else if (strcmp (line, "list") == 0)
@{
register HIST_ENTRY **the_list = history_list ();
register HIST_ENTRY **the_list;
register int i;
the_list = history_list ();
if (the_list)
for (i = 0; the_list[i]; i++)
fprintf (stdout, "%d: %s\n",
i + history_base, the_list[i]->line);
printf ("%d: %s\n", i + history_base, the_list[i]->line);
@}
if (strncmp (line, "delete", strlen ("delete")) == 0)
else if (strncmp (line, "delete", 6) == 0)
@{
int which;
if ((sscanf (line + strlen ("delete"), "%d", &which)) == 1)
if ((sscanf (line + 6, "%d", &which)) == 1)
@{
HIST_ENTRY *entry = remove_history (which);
if (!entry)
@ -306,6 +513,3 @@ main ()
@}
@}
@end smallexample

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@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
@ignore
This file documents the user interface to the GNU History library.
Copyright (C) 1988, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Authored by Brian Fox.
Copyright (C) 1988, 1991, 1996 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Authored by Brian Fox and Chet Ramey.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual
provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on
@ -26,36 +26,236 @@ into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.
@node Using History Interactively
@chapter Using History Interactively
@ifset BashFeatures
This chapter describes how to use the GNU History Library interactively,
from a user's standpoint. It should be considered a user's guide. For
information on using the GNU History Library in other programs,
see the GNU Readline Library Manual.
@end ifset
@ifclear BashFeatures
This chapter describes how to use the GNU History Library interactively,
from a user's standpoint. It should be considered a user's guide. For
information on using the GNU History Library in your own programs,
@pxref{Programming with GNU History}.
@end ifclear
@ifset BashFeatures
@menu
* Bash History Facilities:: How Bash lets you manipulate your command
history.
* Bash History Builtins:: The Bash builtin commands that manipulate
the command history.
* History Interaction:: What it feels like using History as a user.
@end menu
@end ifset
@ifclear BashFeatures
@menu
* History Interaction:: What it feels like using History as a user.
@end menu
@end ifclear
@ifset BashFeatures
@node Bash History Facilities
@section Bash History Facilities
@cindex command history
@cindex history list
When the @samp{-o history} option to the @code{set} builtin
is enabled (@pxref{The Set Builtin}),
the shell provides access to the @var{command history},
the list of commands previously typed. The text of the last
@code{HISTSIZE}
commands (default 500) is saved in a history list. The shell
stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and
variable expansion
but after history expansion is performed, subject to the
values of the shell variables
@code{HISTIGNORE} and @code{HISTCONTROL}.
When the shell starts up, the history is initialized from the
file named by the @code{HISTFILE} variable (default @file{~/.bash_history}).
@code{HISTFILE} is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than
the number of lines specified by the value of the @code{HISTFILESIZE}
variable. When an interactive shell exits, the last
@code{HISTSIZE} lines are copied from the history list to @code{HISTFILE}.
If the @code{histappend} shell option is set (@pxref{Bash Builtins}),
the lines are appended to the history file,
otherwise the history file is overwritten.
If @code{HISTFILE}
is unset, or if the history file is unwritable, the history is
not saved. After saving the history, the history file is truncated
to contain no more than @code{$HISTFILESIZE}
lines. If @code{HISTFILESIZE} is not set, no truncation is performed.
The builtin command @code{fc} may be used to list or edit and re-execute
a portion of the history list.
The @code{history} builtin can be used to display or modify the history
list and manipulate the history file.
When using the command-line editing, search commands
are available in each editing mode that provide access to the
history list.
The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history
list. The @code{HISTCONTROL} and @code{HISTIGNORE}
variables may be set to cause the shell to save only a subset of the
commands entered.
The @code{cmdhist}
shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each
line of a multi-line command in the same history entry, adding
semicolons where necessary to preserve syntactic correctness.
The @code{lithist}
shell option causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines
instead of semicolons.
@xref{Bash Builtins}, for a description of @code{shopt}.
@node Bash History Builtins
@section Bash History Builtins
@cindex history builtins
Bash provides two builtin commands that allow you to manipulate the
history list and history file.
@table @code
@item fc
@btindex fc
@example
@code{fc [-e @var{ename}] [-nlr] [@var{first}] [@var{last}]}
@code{fc -s [@var{pat}=@var{rep}] [@var{command}]}
@end example
Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from @var{first} to
@var{last} is selected from the history list. Both @var{first} and
@var{last} may be specified as a string (to locate the most recent
command beginning with that string) or as a number (an index into the
history list, where a negative number is used as an offset from the
current command number). If @var{last} is not specified it is set to
@var{first}. If @var{first} is not specified it is set to the previous
command for editing and @minus{}16 for listing. If the @samp{-l} flag is
given, the commands are listed on standard output. The @samp{-n} flag
suppresses the command numbers when listing. The @samp{-r} flag
reverses the order of the listing. Otherwise, the editor given by
@var{ename} is invoked on a file containing those commands. If
@var{ename} is not given, the value of the following variable expansion
is used: @code{$@{FCEDIT:-$@{EDITOR:-vi@}@}}. This says to use the
value of the @code{FCEDIT} variable if set, or the value of the
@code{EDITOR} variable if that is set, or @code{vi} if neither is set.
When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and executed.
In the second form, @var{command} is re-executed after each instance
of @var{pat} in the selected command is replaced by @var{rep}.
A useful alias to use with the @code{fc} command is @code{r='fc -s'}, so
that typing @samp{r cc} runs the last command beginning with @code{cc}
and typing @samp{r} re-executes the last command (@pxref{Aliases}).
@item history
@btindex history
@example
history [-c] [@var{n}]
history [-anrw] [@var{filename}]
history -ps @var{arg}
@end example
Display the history list with line numbers. Lines prefixed with
with a @samp{*} have been modified. An argument of @var{n} says
to list only the last @var{n} lines. Options, if supplied, have
the following meanings:
@table @code
@item -w
Write out the current history to the history file.
@item -r
Read the current history file and append its contents to
the history list.
@item -a
Append the new
history lines (history lines entered since the beginning of the
current Bash session) to the history file.
@item -n
Append the history lines not already read from the history file
to the current history list. These are lines appended to the history
file since the beginning of the current Bash session.
@item -c
Clear the history list. This may be combined
with the other options to replace the history list completely.
@item -s
The @var{arg}s are added to the end of
the history list as a single entry.
@item -p
Perform history substitution on the @var{arg}s and display the result
on the standard output, without storing the results in the history list.
@end table
When the @samp{-w}, @samp{-r}, @samp{-a}, or @samp{-n} option is
used, if @var{filename}
is given, then it is used as the history file. If not, then
the value of the @code{HISTFILE} variable is used.
@end table
@end ifset
@node History Interaction
@section History Interaction
@cindex expansion
@section History Expansion
@cindex history expansion
The History library provides a history expansion feature that is similar
to the history expansion in Csh. The following text describes the sytax
that you use to manipulate the history information.
to the history expansion provided by @code{csh}. This section
describes the syntax used to manipulate the history information.
History expansions introduce words from the history list into
the input stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the
arguments to a previous command into the current input line, or
fix errors in previous commands quickly.
History expansion takes place in two parts. The first is to determine
which line from the previous history should be used during substitution.
which line from the history list should be used during substitution.
The second is to select portions of that line for inclusion into the
current one. The line selected from the previous history is called the
current one. The line selected from the history is called the
@dfn{event}, and the portions of that line that are acted upon are
called @dfn{words}. The line is broken into words in the same fashion
that the Bash shell does, so that several English (or Unix) words
surrounded by quotes are considered as one word.
called @dfn{words}. Various @dfn{modifiers} are available to manipulate
the selected words. The line is broken into words in the same fashion
that Bash does, so that several words
surrounded by quotes are considered one word.
History expansions are introduced by the appearance of the
history expansion character, which is @samp{!} by default.
@ifset BashFeatures
Only @samp{\} and @samp{'} may be used to escape the history expansion
character.
@end ifset
@ifset BashFeatures
Several shell options settable with the @code{shopt}
builtin (@pxref{Bash Builtins}) may be used to tailor
the behavior of history expansion. If the
@code{histverify} shell option is enabled, and Readline
is being used, history substitutions are not immediately passed to
the shell parser.
Instead, the expanded line is reloaded into the Readline
editing buffer for further modification.
If Readline is being used, and the @code{histreedit}
shell option is enabled, a failed history expansion will be
reloaded into the Readline editing buffer for correction.
The @samp{-p} option to the @code{history} builtin command
may be used to see what a history expansion will do before using it.
The @samp{-s} option to the @code{history} builtin may be used to
add commands to the end of the history list without actually executing
them, so that they are available for subsequent recall.
This is most useful in conjunction with Readline.
The shell allows control of the various characters used by the
history expansion mechanism with the @code{histchars} variable.
@end ifset
@menu
* Event Designators:: How to specify which history line to use.
* Word Designators:: Specifying which words are of interest.
* Modifiers:: Modifying the results of susbstitution.
* Modifiers:: Modifying the results of substitution.
@end menu
@node Event Designators
@ -64,90 +264,135 @@ surrounded by quotes are considered as one word.
An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the
history list.
@cindex history events
@table @asis
@item @code{!}
Start a history subsititution, except when followed by a space, tab, or
the end of the line... @key{=} or @key{(}.
Start a history substitution, except when followed by a space, tab,
the end of the line, @samp{=} or @samp{(}.
@item @code{!!}
Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for @code{!-1}.
@item @code{!n}
@item @code{!@var{n}}
Refer to command line @var{n}.
@item @code{!-n}
Refer to the command line @var{n} lines back.
@item @code{!-@var{n}}
Refer to the command @var{n} lines back.
@item @code{!string}
@item @code{!!}
Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for @samp{!-1}.
@item @code{!@var{string}}
Refer to the most recent command starting with @var{string}.
@item @code{!?string}[@code{?}]
Refer to the most recent command containing @var{string}.
@item @code{!?@var{string}[?]}
Refer to the most recent command containing @var{string}. The trailing
@samp{?} may be omitted if the @var{string} is followed immediately by
a newline.
@item @code{^@var{string1}^@var{string2}^}
Quick Substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing @var{string1}
with @var{string2}. Equivalent to
@code{!!:s/@var{string1}/@var{string2}/}.
@item @code{!#}
The entire command line typed so far.
@end table
@node Word Designators
@subsection Word Designators
A @key{:} separates the event specification from the word designator. It
can be omitted if the word designator begins with a @key{^}, @key{$},
@key{*} or @key{%}. Words are numbered from the beginning of the line,
with the first word being denoted by a 0 (zero).
Word designators are used to select desired words from the event.
A @samp{:} separates the event specification from the word designator. It
may be omitted if the word designator begins with a @samp{^}, @samp{$},
@samp{*}, @samp{-}, or @samp{%}. Words are numbered from the beginning
of the line, with the first word being denoted by 0 (zero). Words are
inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.
@table @code
@item 0 (zero)
The zero'th word. For many applications, this is the command word.
The @code{0}th word. For many applications, this is the command word.
@item n
The @var{n}'th word.
@item @var{n}
The @var{n}th word.
@item ^
The first argument. that is, word 1.
The first argument; that is, word 1.
@item $
The last argument.
@item %
The word matched by the most recent @code{?string?} search.
The word matched by the most recent @samp{?@var{string}?} search.
@item x-y
A range of words; @code{-@var{y}} Abbreviates @code{0-@var{y}}.
@item @var{x}-@var{y}
A range of words; @samp{-@var{y}} abbreviates @samp{0-@var{y}}.
@item *
All of the words, excepting the zero'th. This is a synonym for @code{1-$}.
It is not an error to use @key{*} if there is just one word in the event.
The empty string is returned in that case.
All of the words, except the @code{0}th. This is a synonym for @samp{1-$}.
It is not an error to use @samp{*} if there is just one word in the event;
the empty string is returned in that case.
@item @var{x}*
Abbreviates @samp{@var{x}-$}
@item @var{x}-
Abbreviates @samp{@var{x}-$} like @samp{@var{x}*}, but omits the last word.
@end table
If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the
previous command is used as the event.
@node Modifiers
@subsection Modifiers
After the optional word designator, you can add a sequence of one or more
of the following modifiers, each preceded by a @key{:}.
of the following modifiers, each preceded by a @samp{:}.
@table @code
@item #
The entire command line typed so far. This means the current command,
not the previous command, so it really isn't a word designator, and doesn't
belong in this section.
@item h
Remove a trailing pathname component, leaving only the head.
@item r
Remove a trailing suffix of the form @samp{.}@var{suffix}, leaving the basename.
@item e
Remove all but the suffix.
@item t
Remove all leading pathname components, leaving the tail.
@item r
Remove a trailing suffix of the form @samp{.@var{suffix}}, leaving
the basename.
@item e
Remove all but the trailing suffix.
@item p
Print the new command but do not execute it.
@ifset BashFeatures
@item q
Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions.
@item x
Quote the substituted words as with @samp{q},
but break into words at spaces, tabs, and newlines.
@end ifset
@item s/@var{old}/@var{new}/
Substitute @var{new} for the first occurrence of @var{old} in the
event line. Any delimiter may be used in place of @samp{/}.
The delimiter may be quoted in @var{old} and @var{new}
with a single backslash. If @samp{&} appears in @var{new},
it is replaced by @var{old}. A single backslash will quote
the @samp{&}. The final delimiter is optional if it is the last
character on the input line.
@item &
Repeat the previous substitution.
@item g
Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. Used in
conjunction with @samp{s}, as in @code{gs/@var{old}/@var{new}/},
or with @samp{&}.
@end table

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<HTML>
<HEAD>
<!-- This HTML file has been created by texi2html 1.51
from /usr/homes/chet/src/bash/readline-2.2/doc/rlman.texinfo on 2 April 1998 -->
<TITLE>GNU Readline Library - Table of Contents</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1>GNU Readline Library</H1>
<H2>Edition 2.2, for <CODE>Readline Library</CODE> Version 2.1.</H2>
<H2>September 1997</H2>
<ADDRESS>Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation</ADDRESS>
<ADDRESS>Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University</ADDRESS>
<P>
<P><HR><P>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC1" HREF="readline.html#SEC1">Command Line Editing</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC2" HREF="readline.html#SEC2">Introduction to Line Editing</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC3" HREF="readline.html#SEC3">Readline Interaction</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC4" HREF="readline.html#SEC4">Readline Init File Syntax</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC5" HREF="readline.html#SEC5">Conditional Init Constructs</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC6" HREF="readline.html#SEC6">Sample Init File</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC7" HREF="readline.html#SEC7">Bindable Readline Commands</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC8" HREF="readline.html#SEC8">Commands For Moving</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC9" HREF="readline.html#SEC9">Commands For Manipulating The History</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC10" HREF="readline.html#SEC10">Commands For Changing Text</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC11" HREF="readline.html#SEC11">Killing And Yanking</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC12" HREF="readline.html#SEC12">Specifying Numeric Arguments</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC13" HREF="readline.html#SEC13">Letting Readline Type For You</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC14" HREF="readline.html#SEC14">Keyboard Macros</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC15" HREF="readline.html#SEC15">Some Miscellaneous Commands</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC16" HREF="readline.html#SEC16">Readline vi Mode</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC17" HREF="readline.html#SEC17">Programming with GNU Readline</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC18" HREF="readline.html#SEC18">Basic Behavior</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC19" HREF="readline.html#SEC19">Custom Functions</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC20" HREF="readline.html#SEC20">The Function Type</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC21" HREF="readline.html#SEC21">Writing a New Function</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC22" HREF="readline.html#SEC22">Readline Variables</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC23" HREF="readline.html#SEC23">Readline Convenience Functions</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC24" HREF="readline.html#SEC24">Naming a Function</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC25" HREF="readline.html#SEC25">Selecting a Keymap</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC26" HREF="readline.html#SEC26">Binding Keys</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC27" HREF="readline.html#SEC27">Associating Function Names and Bindings</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC28" HREF="readline.html#SEC28">Allowing Undoing</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC29" HREF="readline.html#SEC29">Redisplay</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC30" HREF="readline.html#SEC30">Modifying Text</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC31" HREF="readline.html#SEC31">Utility Functions</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC32" HREF="readline.html#SEC32">Alternate Interface</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC33" HREF="readline.html#SEC33">An Example</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC34" HREF="readline.html#SEC34">Custom Completers</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC35" HREF="readline.html#SEC35">How Completing Works</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC36" HREF="readline.html#SEC36">Completion Functions</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC37" HREF="readline.html#SEC37">Completion Variables</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC38" HREF="readline.html#SEC38">A Short Completion Example</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC39" HREF="readline.html#SEC39">Concept Index</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC40" HREF="readline.html#SEC40">Function and Variable Index</A>
</UL>
<P><HR><P>
This document was generated on 2 April 1998 using the
<A HREF="http://wwwcn.cern.ch/dci/texi2html/">texi2html</A>
translator version 1.51.</P>
</BODY>
</HTML>

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@synindex vr fn
@setchapternewpage odd
@ignore
last change: Thu Apr 2 14:39:03 EST 1998
@end ignore
@set EDITION 2.2
@set VERSION 2.2
@set UPDATED 2 April 1998
@set UPDATE-MONTH April 1998
@dircategory Libraries
@direntry
* Readline: (readline). The GNU readline library API
@end direntry
@ifinfo
This document describes the GNU Readline Library, a utility which aids
in the consistency of user interface across discrete programs that need
to provide a command line interface.
Copyright (C) 1988, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Copyright (C) 1988, 1991, 1993, 1996, 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
@ -35,13 +49,12 @@ except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved
by the Foundation.
@end ifinfo
@titlepage
@sp 10
@center @titlefont{GNU Readline Library}
@center Brian Fox
@center Free Software Foundation
@center Version 1.1
@center April 1991
@titlepage
@title GNU Readline Library
@subtitle Edition @value{EDITION}, for @code{Readline Library} Version @value{VERSION}.
@subtitle @value{UPDATE-MONTH}
@author Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation
@author Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University
@page
This document describes the GNU Readline Library, a utility which aids
@ -100,4 +113,3 @@ to provide a command line interface.
@contents
@bye

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