added broken raspi2 port

fixed all arm ports

cross/gcc.mk

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-GCC_VERSION=6.3.0
+GCC_VERSION=7.1.0
-GCC_MAJOR_VERSION=6.3.0
+GCC_MAJOR_VERSION=7.1.0
 gcc.tar.bz2: gcc-$(GCC_VERSION).tar.bz2
 	mv $^ $@
 
@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ gcc-configure:
 	../gcc/configure --prefix=$(CROSSPATH) --target=$(TARGET) --disable-nls --enable-languages=c,c++ --without-headers
 
 gcc-make: gcc-configure
-	$(MAKE) -C builddir all-gcc all-target-libgcc
+	$(MAKE) -C builddir all-gcc
+	$(MAKE) -C builddir all-target-libgcc
 
 gcc-install: gcc-make
 	$(MAKE) -C builddir install-gcc install-target-libgcc

do_all.sh

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+unset CFLAGS CXXFLAGS LDFLAGS
 builddir() {
     rm -rf build/ &&
     mkdir -pv build/
@@ -59,4 +60,15 @@ mv kernel9 build/kernel &&
 buildtools/sighax-firm.sh &&
 mv sighax.firm out/ &&
 cp -v build/kernel/kernel out/arm11loaderhax.elf
-rm -rf build/
+
+{
+    echo 2
+    echo 2
+    yes ''
+} | ./config.py &&
+builddir &&
+pushd build &&
+cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=../toolchains/arm-none-eabi.cmake .. &&
+make -j$(nproc) &&
+popd &&
+cp -v build/kernel/kernel out/raspi2.elf

kernel/arch/arm/3ds11/flags.cmake

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-SET(PLATFORM_C_FLAGS "-I../../kernel/arch/arm/3ds11/include -mcpu=mpcore -mlittle-endian -march=armv6k -mtune=mpcore -mfloat-abi=hard -mtp=soft -O9")
+SET(PLATFORM_C_FLAGS "-I../../kernel/arch/arm/3ds11/include -mcpu=mpcore -mlittle-endian -march=armv6k -mtune=mpcore -mfloat-abi=hard -mtp=soft -O2")
 SET(PLATFORM_CXX_FLAGS "${PLATFORM_C_FLAGS}")
 SET(PLATFORM_ASM_FLAGS "${PLATFORM_C_FLAGS}")

kernel/arch/arm/3ds11/layout.ld

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ENTRY(_start)
 SECTIONS {
-    . = 0x20000000;
+   . = 0x20401000; /*If luma wouldn't put the entire firm at 0x20001000, I'd have used 0x20000000 */
     kernel_start = .;
     .text : {
         KEEP(*(.text.boot));

kernel/arch/arm/3ds11/start.s

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 .section .text.boot
 _start:
     CPSID aif //Disable interrupts
-    ldr sp,  =kernel_stack
+    ldr sp,  =svc_stack
     //set other stacks
     mrs r0, cpsr
     bic r2, r0, #0x1F
@@ -44,9 +44,12 @@ _start:
     blx start
 
 .section .bss
+.align 16
 .space 4096
 interrupt_stack:
 .space 4096
 exception_stack:
+.space 4096
+svc_stack:
 .space 16384
 kernel_stack:

kernel/arch/arm/3ds9/flags.cmake

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-SET(PLATFORM_C_FLAGS "-I../../kernel/arch/arm/3ds9/include -mcpu=arm946e-s -march=armv5te -mthumb-interwork -marm -O9")
+SET(PLATFORM_C_FLAGS "-I../../kernel/arch/arm/3ds9/include -mcpu=arm946e-s -march=armv5te -mthumb-interwork -marm -Os")
 SET(PLATFORM_CXX_FLAGS "${PLATFORM_C_FLAGS}")
 SET(PLATFORM_ASM_FLAGS "${PLATFORM_C_FLAGS}")

kernel/arch/arm/3ds9/start.cpp

@@ -5,13 +5,12 @@
 
 PICAfb term;
 void main();
-extern "C" void start() { main(); }
+extern "C" void start() { main();
+    for(;;);
+}
 void drivers_init() {
-    term << "initing main tty\n";
     setMainTTY(&term);
     --term;
-    term << "Initing vectors\n";
     initVectors();
-    term << "trying svc\n";
     asm volatile("svc #0");
 }

kernel/arch/arm/3ds9/start.s

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ _start:
     mov r1, r2
     orr r1, #0b10011 //SVC
     msr cpsr, r1
-    ldr sp, =kernel_stack
+    ldr sp, =svc_stack
     orr r1, #0b11111 //SYS
     msr cpsr, r1
     ldr sp, =kernel_stack
@@ -121,9 +121,12 @@ _start:
     blx start
 
 .section .bss
+.align 16
 .space 4096
 interrupt_stack:
 .space 4096
 exception_stack:
+.space 4096
+svc_stack:
 .space 16384
 kernel_stack:

kernel/arch/arm/config.py

@@ -1 +1 @@
-config["SYSTEM"] = get_from_list("System", ["3ds9","3ds11"])
+config["SYSTEM"] = get_from_list("System", ["3ds9","3ds11", "raspi2"])

kernel/arch/arm/interrupt.cpp

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ extern "C" cpu_state *handleINT(int number, cpu_state *state) {
         else
             state->returnAddr -= 4;
     }
+    out->puti(state->cpsr);
     return state;
 }
 extern "C" void panic2(char *msg, cpu_state *state) {

kernel/arch/arm/raspi2/config.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+config["LOWEST_CPU"] = "cortex-a7"
+

kernel/arch/arm/raspi2/flags.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+SET(PLATFORM_C_FLAGS "-I../../kernel/arch/arm/3ds11/include -mcpu=cortex-a7 -mlittle-endian -mtune=cortex-a7 -mfloat-abi=hard -mtp=soft -O2")
+SET(PLATFORM_CXX_FLAGS "${PLATFORM_C_FLAGS}")
+SET(PLATFORM_ASM_FLAGS "${PLATFORM_C_FLAGS}")

kernel/arch/arm/raspi2/layout.ld

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+ENTRY(_start)
+SECTIONS {
+   . = 0x8000; /*If luma wouldn't put the entire firm at 0x20001000, I'd have used 0x20000000 */
+    kernel_start = .;
+    .text : {
+        KEEP(*(.text.boot));
+        *(.text)
+    }
+    .data : {
+        start_ctors = .;
+            KEEP(*(.init_array));
+            KEEP(*(SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(.init_array.*)));
+            KEEP(*(.ctors));
+        end_ctors = .;
+        start_dtors = .;
+            KEEP(*(.fini_array));
+            KEEP(*(.fini_array.*));
+            KEEP(*(.dtors));
+        end_dtors = .;
+        start_eh_frame = .;
+            KEEP(*(.eh_frame));
+            KEEP(*(.eh_frame.*));
+        QUAD(0);
+        KEEP(*(.gcc_except_table));
+        KEEP(*(.gcc_except_table.*));
+        *(.data)
+    }
+    .rodata : {
+        *(.rodata)
+    }
+    .bss : {
+        *(.bss)
+        *(COMMON)
+    }
+    kernel_end = .;
+}

kernel/arch/arm/raspi2/start.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#include "../../../hw/raspi2/serial/serial.hpp"
+#include "../../../hw/raspi2/vector/vector.hpp"
+#include <base.hpp>
+#include <config.h>
+
+Serial term;
+void main();
+extern "C" void start() { main(); }
+void drivers_init() {
+    setMainTTY(&term);
+    --term;
+    initVectors();
+    asm volatile("svc #0");
+}

kernel/arch/arm/raspi2/start.s

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+.arm
+.arch armv6k
+.fpu vfpv2
+.align 4
+.global _start
+.extern start
+.section .text.boot
+_start:
+    CPSID aif //Disable interrupts
+    ldr sp,  =svc_stack
+    push {r0,r1,r2}
+    //set other stacks
+    mrs r0, cpsr
+    bic r2, r0, #0x1F
+    mov r1, r2
+    orr r1, #0b10001 //FIQ
+    msr cpsr, r1
+    ldr sp, =interrupt_stack
+    mov r1, r2
+    orr r1, #0b10010 //IRQ
+    msr cpsr, r1
+    ldr sp, =interrupt_stack
+    mov r1, r2
+    orr r1, #0b10111 //Abort
+    msr cpsr, r1
+    ldr sp, =exception_stack
+    mov r1, r2
+    orr r1, #0b11011 //Undefined
+    msr cpsr, r1
+    ldr sp, =exception_stack
+    orr r1, #0b11111 //SYS
+    msr cpsr, r1
+    ldr sp, =kernel_stack
+    //Enable FPU
+    MRC p15, 0, r0, c1, c1, 2
+    ORR r0, r0, #3<<10 // enable fpu
+    MCR p15, 0, r0, c1, c1, 2
+    LDR r0, =(0xF << 20)
+    MCR p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 2
+    MOV r3, #0x40000000 
+    VMSR FPEXC, r3
+    //Start MTGos
+    blx start
+
+.section .bss
+.align 16
+.space 4096
+interrupt_stack:
+.space 4096
+exception_stack:
+.space 4096
+svc_stack:
+.space 16384
+kernel_stack:

kernel/arch/arm/sourcegen.py

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ branch_macro:
 
     //pop the special registers
     pop {r0, r3, r4, lr}
+    msr spsr, r0
     tst r0, #0x20 //Is code ARM or thumb?
     beq 2f
     orr lr, lr, #1 //Enable thumb mode on return#
@@ -93,7 +94,9 @@ pop_regs.append("mov sp, r0")
 
 for opc in push_regs:
     int_handler.write("    "+opc+"\n")
+int_handler.write("    push {lr}\n")
 int_handler.write("    blx handleINT\n")
+int_handler.write("    pop {lr}\n")
 for opc in reversed(pop_regs):
     int_handler.write("    "+opc+"\n")
 int_handler.write("    bx lr\n")

kernel/hw/3ds11/config.py

@@ -8,5 +8,6 @@ if config["ENABLE_I2C"]:
 add_driver(True, "framebuffer")
 add_driver(False, "picafb")
 add_driver(False, "vectorinit")
+add_driver(False, "pmm")
 print("Enable complete Unicode font: NO (because of the size)")
 config["ENABLE_FRAMEBUFFER_UNICODE"] = False

kernel/hw/3ds9/config.py

@@ -2,5 +2,6 @@ config["ENABLE_EXTRA_MEMORY"] = get_yes_no("Enable 512KB of memory on n3DS", Tru
 add_driver(True, "framebuffer")
 add_driver(False, "picafb")
 add_driver(False, "vectorinit")
+add_driver(False, "pmm")
 print("Enable complete Unicode font: NO (because of the size)")
 config["ENABLE_FRAMEBUFFER_UNICODE"] = False

kernel/hw/framebuffer/framebuffer.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "framebuffer.hpp"
 #include <genfont.h>
+#include <base.hpp>
 auto Framebuffer::plotPixel(int x, int y, int col) -> void {}
 auto Framebuffer::plotChar(int x, int y, int c) -> void {
     if (c > 65535) return;

kernel/hw/pc/config.py

@@ -8,3 +8,4 @@ else:
     add_driver(False, "cgaterm")
 add_driver(False, "8259")
 add_driver(False, "idt")
+add_driver(False, "pmm")

kernel/hw/raspi2/config.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+add_driver(False, "uart")
+add_driver(False, "serial")
+add_driver(False, "vector")

kernel/hw/raspi2/serial/serial.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#include "serial.hpp"
+Serial::Serial(): TTY(80,25), uart(UART::getInstance()) {
+    uart[UART_MEM::IBRD] = 1;
+    uart[UART_MEM::FBRD] = 40;
+    uart[UART_MEM::LCRH] = 0b1110000;
+    uart[UART_MEM::IMSC] = 0b11111110010;
+    uart[UART_MEM::CR]   = 0b1100000001;
+}
+auto Serial::serial_putc(char c) -> void {
+    while(uart[UART_MEM::FR] & 0x20);
+    uart[UART_MEM::DR] = (uint8_t)c;
+}
+auto Serial::serial_putc(int c) -> void {
+    //UTF-8 encoder
+    if(c <= 0x7F)
+        return this->serial_putc((char)c);
+    if(c <= 0x7FF) {
+        this->serial_putc((char)(0b11000000 | (c >> 6)));
+        this->serial_putc((char)(0b10000000 | (c & 0x3F)));
+        return;
+    }
+    if(c <= 0xFFFF) {
+        this->serial_putc((char)(0b11100000 | (c >> 12)));
+        this->serial_putc((char)(0b10000000 | ((c >> 6)&0x3F)));
+        this->serial_putc((char)(0b10000000 | (c&0x3F)));
+        return;
+    }
+    this->serial_putc((char)(0b11110000 | (c >> 18)));
+    this->serial_putc((char)(0b10000000 | ((c >> 12)&0x3F)));
+    this->serial_putc((char)(0b10000000 | ((c >> 6)&0x3F)));
+    this->serial_putc((char)(0b10000000 | (c&0x3F)));
+}
+auto Serial::serial_puti(int i) -> void {
+    char buf[65];
+    char *ptr=buf+63;
+    ptr[1]=0;
+    char *chars = "0123456789";
+    do {
+        *(ptr--) = chars[i%10];
+        i/=10;
+    } while (i && (ptr != buf));
+    ptr++;
+    while(*ptr)
+        this->serial_putc(*(ptr++));
+}
+auto Serial::plotChar(int x, int y, int c) -> void {
+    //Send position
+    serial_putc(0x1B);
+    serial_putc('[');
+    serial_puti(y+1);
+    serial_putc(';');
+    serial_puti(x+1);
+    serial_putc('H');
+    //Send color
+    int r = rgbColor >> 16;
+    int g = (rgbColor >> 8) & 0xFF;
+    int b = rgbColor & 0xFF;
+    serial_putc(0x1B);
+    serial_putc('[');
+    serial_puti(38);
+    serial_putc(';');
+    serial_puti(2);
+    serial_putc(';');
+    serial_puti(r);
+    serial_putc(';');
+    serial_puti(g);
+    serial_putc(';');
+    serial_puti(b);
+    serial_putc('m');
+    //Actually write the character
+    serial_putc(c);
+}

kernel/hw/raspi2/serial/serial.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "../uart/uart.hpp"
+#include <base.hpp>
+class Serial: public TTY {
+    private:
+        UART &uart;
+        auto serial_putc(int c) -> void;
+        auto serial_putc(char c) -> void;
+        auto serial_puti(int i) -> void;
+    protected:
+        virtual auto plotChar(int x, int y, int c) -> void;
+    public:
+        Serial();
+};

kernel/hw/raspi2/uart/uart.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#include "uart.hpp"
+static volatile uint32_t x;
+auto delay = [&x](uint32_t count) {
+    for(x=0;x<count;x++);
+};
+UART &UART::getInstance() {
+    static UART instance;
+    return instance;
+}
+uint32_t &UART::operator[](uint32_t off) {
+    return *((uint32_t*)(0x3F200000+off));
+}
+uint32_t &UART::operator[](UART_MEM off) {
+    return (*this)[(uint32_t)off];
+}
+UART::UART() {
+    auto &self = *this;
+    self[UART_MEM::CR] = 0;
+    self[UART_MEM::GPPUD] = 0;
+    delay(150);
+    self[UART_MEM::GPPUDCLK0] = (3 << 14);
+    delay(150);
+    self[UART_MEM::GPPUDCLK0] = 0;
+    self[UART_MEM::ICR] = 0x7FF; //Clear interrupts
+}

kernel/hw/raspi2/uart/uart.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <stdint.h>
+enum class UART_MEM: uint32_t {
+    GPPUD =     0x94,
+    GPPUDCLK0 = 0x98,
+    DR =        0x00,
+    RSRECR =    0x04,
+    FR =        0x18,
+    ILPR =      0x20,
+    IBRD =      0x24,
+    FBRD =      0x28,
+    LCRH =      0x2C,
+    CR   =      0x30,
+    IFLS =      0x34,
+    IMSC =      0x38,
+    RIS  =      0x3C,
+    MIS  =      0x40,
+    ICR  =      0x44,
+    DMACR =     0x48,
+    ITCR =      0x80,
+    ITIP =      0x84,
+    ITOP =      0x88,
+    TDR  =      0x8C
+};
+class UART {
+    public:
+        static UART &getInstance();
+        uint32_t &operator[](uint32_t off); ///< Returns a reference to the corresponding MMIO register
+        uint32_t &operator[](UART_MEM off); ///< @see UART::operator[](uint32_t off);
+        UART(UART const&) = delete;
+        UART &operator=(UART const&) = delete;
+    private:
+        UART();
+};

kernel/hw/raspi2/vector/vector.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#include <stdint.h>
+extern "C" {
+void data_abort();
+void fast_irq();
+void normal_irq();
+void prefetch_abort();
+void svc_call();
+void undefined_op();
+extern uintptr_t branch_macro;
+}
+void initVectors() {
+    uintptr_t *vectors = (uintptr_t*)nullptr;
+    uintptr_t branch = 0xEA000000;
+    vectors[1] = branch + 5;
+    vectors[2] = branch + 6;
+    vectors[3] = branch + 7;
+    vectors[4] = branch + 8;
+    vectors[6] = branch + 8;
+    vectors[7] = branch + 9;
+    vectors[8] = branch_macro;
+    vectors[9] = (uintptr_t)&undefined_op;
+    vectors[10] = branch_macro;
+    vectors[11] = (uintptr_t)&svc_call;
+    vectors[12] = branch_macro;
+    vectors[13] = (uintptr_t)&prefetch_abort;
+    vectors[14] = branch_macro;
+    vectors[15] = (uintptr_t)&data_abort;
+    vectors[16] = branch_macro;
+    vectors[17] = (uintptr_t)&normal_irq;
+    vectors[18] = branch_macro;
+    vectors[19] = (uintptr_t)&fast_irq;
+}

kernel/hw/raspi2/vector/vector.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#pragma once
+void initVectors();

kernel/src/cppstubs.cpp

@@ -17,3 +17,10 @@ void *operator new(size_t s, void *p) { return p; }
 void *operator new[](size_t s, void *p) { return p; }
 void operator delete(void *, void *p) {}
 void operator delete[](void *, void *p) {}
+__extension__ typedef int __guard __attribute__((mode(__DI__)));
+extern "C" int __cxa_guard_acquire(__guard *g) {
+    return !*(char*)g;
+}
+extern "C" int __cxa_guard_release(__guard *g) {
+    *(char *)g = 1;
+}

kernel/src/include/base.hpp

@@ -5,4 +5,9 @@ extern TTY *out; ///< main TTY for output
 /***
  * Sets the main TTY to some other TTY object.
  */
-void setMainTTY(Kobject *obj);
+void setMainTTY(TTY *obj);
+
+/**
+ * Halts the kernel due to a unresolvable error
+ */
+extern "C" void panic(const char* s);

kernel/src/include/pmm.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#pragma once
+typedef uintptr_t phys_t; ///< Type used for physical addresses
+/**
+ * A single entry in the PMM list
+ */
+struct PMM_ent {
+    PMM_ent* next; ///< Next element in the list
+    phys_t val; ///< This for not having to cast in the code.
+};
+/**
+ * Structure for a memory map
+ */
+struct mmap_ent {
+    phys_t start;
+    phys_t end;
+}
+/**
+ * Physical memory manager. It stores the free memory in a linked list
+ */
+class PMM {
+    protected:
+        PMM_ent *head; ///< Head of the linked list
+        virtual auto isFree(phys_t addr) -> bool; ///< Returns true if the provided page is free to use
+        phys_t page_size; ///< Contains the size of a single memory page, in bytes
+    public:
+        PMM(phys_t page_size, mmap_ent *entries, int length);
+        virtual ~PMM();
+        virtual auto operator<<(phys_t page) -> PMM &; ///< Frees a page. O(1)
+        virtual auto operator>>(phys_t &page) -> PMM &; ///< Allocates a page. O(1)
+        virtual auto operator,(size_t no_pages) -> phys_t; ///< Allocates multiple pages. O(n²)
+        virtual auto operator(phys_t pages,size_t no_pages) -> void; ///< Deallocates multiple pages. O(n)
+        virtual auto operator&&(phys_t page) -> bool; //Returns true if this page is free. O(n).
+};
+/**
+ * This definition is for having a python-like syntax - like `page in pmm`
+ */
+#define in and
+
+auto operator&&(phys_t a, PMM mm) -> bool; ///< Returns true when page is free. Used for syntax `page in pmm`
+auto operator&&(phys_t a, PMM *mm) -> bool; ///< Returns true when page is free. Present in case that mm is a pointer.

kernel/src/object_init.cpp

@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 #include <base.hpp>
 TTY *out;
 bool tty_set = false;
-void setMainTTY(Kobject *obj) {
+void setMainTTY(TTY *obj) {
-    if (obj->type == kobjectType::TTY) {
+    ++*obj;
-        ++*obj;
+    //        if(tty_set)
-        //        if(tty_set)
+    //            --*out;
-        //            --*out;
+    out = obj;
-        out = (TTY *)obj;
+    tty_set = true;
-        tty_set = true;
-    }
 }

kernel/src/pmm.cpp.old

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#include <base.hpp>
+#include <pmm.hpp>
+extern "C" int kernel_start;
+extern "C" int kernel_end;
+auto PMM::isFree(phys_t addr) -> bool {
+    if(addr == 0)
+        return false;
+    phys_t start = (phys_t)(&kernel_start);
+    phys_t end = (phys_t)(&kernel_end);
+    if((addr >= start) or (addr < end))
+        return false;
+    return true;
+}
+PMM::PMM(phys_t page_size, mmap_ent *entries, int length): page_size(page_size), head(nullptr) {
+    for(int i=0;i< length; i++) {
+        for(phys_t j=entries[i].start;j<entries[i].end;j+=page_size) {
+            if(isFree(j))
+                *this << j;
+        }
+    }
+}
+PMM::~PMM() {}
+
+auto PMM::operator<<(phys_t page) -> PMM & {
+    *this(page,1);
+    return *this;
+}
+auto PMM::operator>>(phys_t &page) -> PMM & {
+    page = *this, 1;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+auto PMM::operator,(size_t no_pages) -> phys_t {
+    if(head == nullptr)
+        panic("No free physical memory is available.");
+    if(no_pages == 1) {
+        //Simple. Just return the fist page.
+        PMM_ent *curr=head;
+        head=head->next;
+        return curr->val;
+    }
+    //Now we need to find a free page with n-1 free pages after it
+    PMM_ent *curr=head;
+    while(curr) {
+        //Is curr+n pages free?
+        if((curr->val+((no_pages-1)*page_size)) in this) {
+           //We're onto something
+           bool notfound=false;
+           phys_t i;
+           size_t j;
+           for(i=curr->val,j=0; j<no_pages; i+=page_size, j++) {
+               if(!(i in this)) {
+                   notfound=true;
+                   break;
+               }
+           }
+           if(!notfound)
+               return curr->val;
+        }
+        //Not found.
+        curr=curr->next;
+    }
+    panic("Not enough continuous free memory is available.");
+}
+auto PMM::operator(phys_t pages, size_t no_pages) -> void {
+    for(size_t i=0; i<no_pages; i++, pages+=page_size) {
+        PMM_ent *curr=(PMM_ent *)pages;
+        curr->next=head;
+        curr->val=pages;
+        head=curr;
+    }
+}
+virtual auto operator&&(phys_t page) -> bool {
+   PMM_ent *curr = head;
+   while(curr) {
+       if(curr->value==page)
+           return true;
+       curr=curr->next;
+   }
+   return false;
+}
+auto operator&&(phys_t a, PMM mm) -> bool {
+    return mm && a;
+}
+auto operator&&(phys_t a, PMM *mm) -> bool {
+    return a in *mm;
+}